How to use plasma membrane in a sentence

Looking for sentences with "plasma membrane"? Here are some examples.

Sentence Examples However, these cells had a continuous layer of smooth plasma membrane, and central vacuoles had distinct tonoplasts. Transport studies with plasma membrane vesicles isolated from pea seed coats are presented in an accompanying paper. The catalytic domain faces the exterior of the plasma membrane and is anchored by a transmembrane-spanning domain. The plasma membrane transport of other metabolites such as amino acids and sugars can also be assayed by the changes in membrane potential. Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane such as the cell's plasma membrane is known as diffusion. The antigen was more abundant in the zone adjacent to the plasma membrane than in the zone closer to the external wall surface. The transcellular pathway involves the movement of ions across the cytoplasm via plasma membrane channels, carriers, and exchangers. As a cell expands, its plasma membrane and cell wall must increase in area. The resting potential is dependent upon ionic equilibria and the selective permeability of the plasma membrane. Numerous studies aimed at the plasma membrane have provided indirect evidence for the existence of distinct signaling domains. Once inside the plant, an infolded plasma membrane forms around the bacterium to produce an infection thread. Numerous pinocytotic vesicles were present, aligned in a layer subjacent to the plasma membrane. The major destinations for proteins exiting the Golgi apparatus are the plasma membrane and the vacuolar system. Among all the fluxes in the whole plant, the passage of through the plasma membrane of root cells has been intensively studied. Cholesterol is one of the major lipid components of the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. This indicates the firm appression of the plasma membrane to the cell wall, which is typical of a turgescent cell. The additional membrane is provided by intracellular vesicles, which fuse with the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane is the first biological barrier encountered by the ODN carriers on their way into the cell cytoplasm. Chemical buffers can affect the uptake of macronutrients by reducing the pH gradient through the plasma membrane. As the cells round up, actin and myosin moieties are being redistributed underneath the plasma membrane. Show More Sentences Likewise, efflux from the root symplasm to the transpiration stream must cross the plasma membrane of cells within the stele of the root. For all treatments, plasma membrane cholesterol levels were quantitated by filipin staining as previously described. In this plate we explore three methods for the passive transport of molecules through the plasma membrane. First evidence for a function in cellular and whole plant water transport came from plasma membrane aquaporin antisense Arabidopsis plants. Hormones are released from neuroendocrine cells by passing through an exocytotic pore that forms after vesicle and plasma membrane fusion. Release of neurotransmitters and hormones from cells involves exocytotic fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane. The LDL receptor is a polypeptide of 839 amino acids that spans the plasma membrane. The pipette microchamber introduces a mechanical constraint around the annulus where the pipette tip contacts the plasma membrane. In biological membranes, sphingolipids are essentially localized on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. These proteins were found to be essential for vesiculation at the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus, respectively. The properties of plasma membrane vesicles from wheat roots are also affected by deprivation of the intact plants. These findings are supported by studies on the intracellular traffic between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane. They are united by the presence of small vesicles in, or just under, the plasma membrane. The rapid electrical pulse induces very short-lived micropores in the plasma membrane, allowing DNA to enter the cell. The transferrin receptor is a protein located in the plasma membrane that binds the protein transferrin. Until now the plasma membrane was the prototypical membrane for biophysical studies of lateral protein mobility. The results suggest a shared thiamine transporter for mitochondria and the plasma membrane. The electrode tip pushes through the cell wall tending to jump quickly across the plasma membrane into either the cytoplasm or the vacuole. Vimentin fibers terminate at the nuclear membrane and at desmosomes, or adhesion plaques, on the plasma membrane. This effect may be attributed to the decoupling of the actin cortex from the plasma membrane. Show More Sentences Imaging under TIRFM is restricted to a thin layer underneath the plasma membrane, which adheres unphysiologically to the coverglass. In places the fine filaments run on top of the thicker filaments, and are thus closer to the plasma membrane. After biogenesis, trichocysts migrate to the plasma membrane and are anchored to predetermined sites. Also, formation of endocytotic vesicles at the plasma membrane involves proteins that can severely bend membranes. We studied the yeast endocytic pathway using several plasma membrane transporters as model endocytic cargoes. Steroid and thyroid hormones are hydrophobic and diffuse from their binding proteins in the plasma, across the plasma membrane to intracellularly localized receptors. Excess nickel has a negative effect on plasma membrane polarization, ion uptake and translocation, cell mitotic activity, and carbon partitioning in roots. The cortex and plasma membrane were modeled as thin elastic shells. When the electrode tip is located in the vacuole, the electrical potential difference is that across two membranes, the plasma membrane and the tonoplast. An interphase cell contains four microtubule rootlets arranged in a cruciate array originating at the basal bodies and radiating outward, just under the plasma membrane. The key developmental processes of cytokinesis and cell expansion require vesicle trafficking to deposit new wall material and increase plasma membrane area. An electro-osmotic model is developed to examine the influence of plasma membrane superficial charges on the regulation of cell ionic composition. Unlike a moving fibroblast, however, the extending axon also grows in size, with an accompanying increase in the total surface area of the neuron's plasma membrane. However, the contributions of other membrane compartments, such as the plasma membrane, vacuoles, and endoplasmic reticulum, have not been investigated. In differentiated cells, centrioles can localize near the plasma membrane and behave as basal bodies. Constriction of this ring pulls the plasma membrane into the cell interior during cleavage furrow ingression. In a similar fashion, the final stage of animal cytokinesis is based on de novo formation of the plasma membrane via the interdigitating microtubules known as the midbody. This suggests that assembly of the carotenoid layers in the chloroplast is not required for proper localization of the photoreceptors in the plasma membrane of the cell. Under the plasma membrane is a network of short, branched filaments. Both the delivery to the plasma membrane of the uracil permease and its endocytosis are very strictly regulated. Show More Sentences A few cells have numerous tiny blebs on the cell membrane and orange nuclei colored with EtBr, which indicates some disturbance of the plasma membrane permeability. The remainder of the cytoplasm and the nucleus of these cells are restricted to a narrow zone between the central vacuole and the plasma membrane. Vesicle membranes are then recovered from the plasma membrane through endocytosis. The plasma membrane consists of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. At the end of the fibre, the myofibrils are attached to the plasma membrane by the intervention of specialized proteins. The virion of MuLV classifies it as a C-type virus, which assembles at the surface of infected cells, and acquires a plasma membrane envelope as it buds from a cell. Cadherins induce a localized increase in the adhesion energy between the plasma membrane and cortical cytoskeleton underneath adhesion sites. If this concentration is above the legal limit, the plasma membrane denies an exit visa for toxic waste inside the cell until conditions outside the cell improve. During cell expansion, trafficking delivers proteins to plasticize the wall and supplies new plasma membrane and cell wall material to keep pace with growth. This interaction directs the complex to the plasma membrane, a critical step for Ste11p function and subsequent HOG pathway activation. The best documented system so far is the stomatal guard cell where two anion channels from the plasma membrane have been extensively characterized. In addition to factors regulating the fusion of exocytotic vesicles with the plasma membrane, postfusion events have attracted broad scientific interest. The water permeability is partly regulated by trafficking of aquaporin containing vesicles between an intracel- lular reservoir and the apical plasma membrane. Lichen mycobionts that express morphologically advanced symbiotic phenotypes, do not create a large exchange surface in close connection with the plasma membrane of the photoautotroph. The fluid mosaic model is thought to apply not just to the plasma membrane but to all biological membranes, and it is seen as a dynamic, ever-changing structure. All cholesterol assays measure the total cell cholesterol, so it is not possible to distinguish between plasma membrane cholesterol and intracellular cholesterol. For instance, within the individual cell, the subcellular sites of photo-damage may include the plasma membrane, the lysosomes and the mitochondria. Such a scenario is quite likely as the bioenergetics of transfers, particularly across endo-membrane systems is quite different to that found at a root plasma membrane. Of the above-mentioned chemical species only hydrogen peroxide is relatively stable and able to penetrate the plasma membrane as an uncharged molecule. They bind to the plasma membrane of surrounding cells and block viral replication by enhancing the production of several enzymes involved in protein synthesis. Show More Sentences As an alternative, one can exploit the property of Ste11p to bypass the requirement for Ste50p upon direct plasma membrane localization for similar studies. Furthermore, electron microscope observations show ruptures of the plasma membrane and analysis of the cells from one patient led to the conclusion of anomalies in the process of membrane repair. The experimental program in soft materials primarily focuses on problems of biological relevance, in particular the plasma membrane and technologies for delivering therapeutics across such membranes. Hedgehog morphogens are associated with MPs shed from the plasma membrane of apoptotic stimulated T cells. By ubiquinating Akt, TRAF6 promotes Akt translocation to the plasma membrane, where it becomes phosphorylated. All the contents of a cell within the plasma membrane. The fusion of query proteins to Ste50p lacking its membrane-targeting domain can be exploited to identify proteins that contain plasma membrane localization signals and to analyze their topology. The present technology overcomes some limitations of conventional YTHS by extending its ability to detect interactions of biological relevance to the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane. Further variations of the system can also be used to identify proteins that localize to plasma membrane, and to study the topology of this class of proteins. In the fertilization process, the spermatozoid has to cross three layers to transmit its genetic material to the oocyte: the cumulus oophorus cell layer, the pellucid zone and the oocyte's plasma membrane. Study the topology of plasma membrane proteins. Hence, this system is ideal for the study of transcription activators or repressors as well as proteins that require post-translational processing or the environment of the cytoplasm or the plasma membrane for interaction. Each amoeba contains a small mass of jellylike cytoplasm, which is differentiated into a thin outer plasma membrane, a layer of stiff, clear ectoplasm just within the plasma membrane, and a central granular endoplasm. Streptolysin O is one of the most frequently used agents to be permeabilized on the plasma membrane of cell. A structure within the acrosome, called the acrosomal vesicle, bursts, and the plasma membrane surrounding the spermatozoon fuses at the acrosomal tip with the membrane surrounding the acrosomal vesicle to form an opening. In fungi, the plasma membrane sits just inside of the periplasmic space under the cell wall. When a given cell-surface transporter is required, neosynthesized transporter, on the way to a degradative pathway, or stored in intracellular compartments, can be rapidly sorted to plasma membrane. This plasma membrane, known as the brush border, is thicker and richer in proteins and lipids than is the plasma membrane on the epithelial cells at the side and base of the villus. Vesicle-mediated solute transport between the vacuole and the plasma membrane. Gangliosides that associate with lipid rafts mediate transport of cholera and related toxins from the plasma membrane to endoplasmic reticulum. Show More Sentences Yellow arrows point to the plasma membrane. Leshern Karamchand, of the University of KwaZulu-Natal in Durban, South Africa, undertook research on lipid rafts found on the plasma membrane of certain cells. Interestingly, alveolates have specialized exocytic pathways based on a membrane organelle lying beneath the plasma membrane, the trichocyst, where this unique ArfGEF family may potentially function. The aim is to understand how, through phosphorylation, erzin is able to organise multi-molecular complexes for the structural and functional regulation of plasma membrane domains. Immuno-electron microscopy revealed that this protein was expressed largely in endospore and plasma membrane during endospore development, but sparsely distributed in the exospore of mature spores. A virus particle in the process of extrusion at the cell plasma membrane was captured with the atomic force microscope at 15 hours after infection. The ATP2B2 gene codes for a plasma membrane calcium transporting ATP-ase. For example, the endoplasmic reticulum makes tacts with several organelles, including the plasma membrane, mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Spermatozoa morphology, motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity and DNA integrity were evaluated immediately after spermatozoa extraction. Find more words! 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Words that rhyme with plasma membrane What is the plural of plasma membrane? Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words plasmalemma plasmacytoma plasma plasm plashy plashing plasmapheresis plasmas plasmatic plasmic plasmid plasmids