| Only plants and charophytes divide their cells with the aid of a phragmoplast. |
|
| The phragmoplast first occurred in representatives of Charophyte algae and then became the main division apparatus in land plants. |
|
| As such, the phragmoplast represents a useful system for understanding both plant cell dynamics and the evolution of cytokinesis. |
|
| Plant cytokinesis is orchestrated by a specialized structure, the phragmoplast. |
|
| Unlike the other green algae, the charophytes share with plants the phragmoplast method of cell division, and the asymmetric arrangement of their sperm flagella. |
|
| Furthermore, the phragmoplast combines plant-specific features with the conserved cytokinetic processes of animals, fungi, and protists. |
|
| After chromosomes move to poles in anaphase, the phragmoplast mediates cell plate formation that completes cytokinesis. |
|
