How to use phenotype in a sentence

Looking for sentences and phrases with the word phenotype? Here are some examples.

Sentence Examples In many cases, these mutants are characterized with regard to phenotype, physiology and molecular biology. Co-dominance refers to a situation in which both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype, where neither is dominant over the other. Co-dominance occurs when both alleles of a gene are expressed in the phenotype. Parentals exhibiting either the spotted or unspotted phenotype, along with F 1 progeny, were used in a series of 29 crosses. Only 15 of these genes were previously known to cause a toxin phenotype when mutated. Eventually, they develop a mucoid phenotype, which marks the establishment of chronic infection. However, only for a minority of genes is the function defined by a mutant phenotype. In incomplete dominance, a heterozygote's phenotype will be intermediate between the two possible homozygous phenotypes. The key difference between simple dominance and codominance is that in codominance the heterozygote exhibits a distinct phenotype. The authors suggest that this phenotype may predispose to the development of fibromuscular dysplasia. The phenotype is subtle, with minor dysmorphic features and developmental delay during childhood. The most common mutant phenotype was an embryo with a polar body near one end and the development of one or two spindles in the middle. I was introduced to the concept of phenotype during a course in forest dendrology, the taxonomy of trees. Thus, both may act to suppress the wing phenotype by influencing cell growth and proliferation. The most logical approach to gene therapy is the correction of a single gene defect, which causes the disease phenotype. Gene genealogies can be used to understand the evolution of specific DNA sequences and relate sequence variation to plant phenotype. Analysis of the double-mutant phenotype indicated that at the nonpermissive temperature, cells failed to undergo cytokinesis efficiently. Male horseshoe crabs have two mating tactics that are associated with phenotype. Weak png mutations permit several transient S-M cycles to occur, producing embryos with a characteristic phenotype of multiple polyploid nuclei. Mutants isolated in the screen were divided into three classes on the basis of phenotype. Show More Sentences The phenotype was converted back to that characteristic of a wild-type strain, showing that the injected DNA contained the normal gene. Many mutants died or showed pleiotropic defects casting doubt on the specificity of their retinal phenotype and were not included in this report. As in mammals, both chromosomal constitution and cell interactions are involved in the development of germ-cell sexual phenotype. This phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygotes and therefore no complementation is observed. We used these two systems interchangeably in the characterization of the enlarged-eye phenotype described below. In many instances, a complex phenotype can be assessed continuously or discontinuously. Every second generation during backcrossing, we mated the first filial offspring of the parental backcross to recover the recessive phenotype. The persistence of the myofibroblastic phenotype in the areas of active fibrosis is a characteristic finding in fibrotic lung disease. The resulting kernel pigmentation phenotype consists of colorless pericarp with red sectors. We did not see a hair phenotype, but a subtle hair pigmentation phenotype would be difficult to see. In biological Weismannism, the genotype is the sole or primary developmental determinant of the phenotype. Progeny plants were scored for pigmentation phenotype and analyzed for genotype using SSR markers. However, there might be differences in this phenotype between immigrant and native Asian Indians. The phenotype of a knockout mouse provides important clues about the gene's normal role. Because these systems include redundant components, even strong perturbations may lead to only a subtle phenotype. When a carrier of a sex-linked trait expresses the phenotype, she is called a manifesting heterozygote. More detailed morphological analysis of this extreme phenotype showed the conversion of stamens into very small leaf-like structures. Any phenotype that relies on the coordinated action of two or more gene loci is called polygenic trait. These two genes are both thought to be very important in the expression of the malignant phenotype. The remaining 24 progeny were tested only at marker loci on chromosomes showing significant linkage to the tumor multiplicity phenotype. Show More Sentences Perhaps in ideally favorable environments most genotypes yield more or less the same phenotype. In positive assortative mating, individuals of similar phenotype mate together more frequently than expected by chance. Because of reduced penetrance, individuals of different genotypes can have the same phenotype. Cells expressing pol are hypersensitive to DNA alkylating agents and express neoplastic phenotype in animal model. However, a cladistic approach to phenotype association studies does not require a complete absence of recombination. In addition, enhancement or suppression of the H mutant phenotype was evaluated. The data indicate that the mutations complement with respect to the auxotrophic phenotype when grown on Sang's medium. The PCD phenotype results from axonemal abnormalities and dysfunction of motile cilia and flagella. A similar phenotype has been observed in other species, including maize and sorghum. Thus, suppression of the cut mutant wing phenotype is most likely due to the overexpression of Lola. The dynamic stimuli of active cell culture systems promote special responses and phenotype expressions. They also display a unique phenotype characterized by excessive sclerotization of the anterior-most cuticle. F 1 progeny were scored under a dissecting scope for suppression or enhancement of the KDN rough eye phenotype. The present invention relates to a method of diagnosing the risk of thermolabile phenotype diseases. The suppression of the mutant phenotype of a1-mum2 aleurones takes several generations. Without regressive evolution to prune the phenotype, all species would be encumbered by billion-year-long lists of superannuated traits. In this regard, it is interesting to consider the potential effects of a division rate correlation on the organismal phenotype. A difference in gene expression need not influence organismal phenotype or fitness. It is known that induction of telomere shortening leads to the extinction of yeast clones similar to a senescent phenotype. We can test the association between a phenotype and a set of haplotypes rather than a single haplotype. Show More Sentences The bithorax phenocopies show a transformation of metathoracic to mesothoracic segments, imitating the Ultrabithorax mutant phenotype. As a control, we also analyzed the dynamic phenotype of ndc 10-1 in the presence and absence of benomyl. In September, uninfected survivors were all adults while collaborative females typically retained a nymphal phenotype. Also the genetic background in common laboratory and transgenic mice affects the phenotype. The co-dominance of different alleles ensures that the pattern of bands, the phenotype, fully reflects the genotype. The yucca phenotype derives from overexpression of a flavin monooxygenase like enzyme that oxidizes tryptamine to N-hydroxyl-tryptamine in vitro. All analyses of the actual data were run on untransformed and log-transformed phenotype data. In contrast, enhancers of the Tau rough eye phenotype further reduced the eye in size and produced increased ommatidial irregularity and fusion of the overlying lenses. The yellow phenotype was completely rescued in all five lines. In retrospect, the screen, while labor intensive, was quite straightforward and could be applied to other embryonic lethal genes with a clear cuticle phenotype. Each candidate was then backcrossed to the unmutagenized parent and tetrads were dissected to ensure that the synthetic lethal phenotype resulted from a single mutation. This is most likely to be a problem for mutants with a mitotic phenotype. Classical genetics of human disease deals with monogenic disorders in which a single mutation in a single gene is causatively related to the phenotype. The exceptionally low content of T. dubius units in some 2603-33 plants closely resembles the monomorphic phenotype often seen in relatively ancient allopolyploids. How these mutations lead to the skeletal phenotype is not known. The overall phenotype frequency distribution was positively skewed. First, one would apply a clustering method to the unlinked markers to estimate the ancestry of the sampled individuals and the phenotype frequencies across subpopulations. Evidence of a carotenoid mutant of rice was suggested by the phenotype of several mutants for which viviparous seeds germinated into albino seedlings. We will identify genes that are differentially expressed between calcicolous and non-calcicolous ecotypes of A. thaliana and determine their role in the calcicole phenotype. A causative role for AHA3 in male gametogenesis was proven by complementation with a normal transgenic gene and rescue of the mutant phenotype back to wild type. Show More Sentences As new genomes are sequenced, these tools are valuable both in annotation of protein functions and in correlating organismal genotype with phenotype. Darwin's correlation between the phenotype and the cross-compatibility of the two forms of flower provided the foundation for subsequent analyses of heterostyly in Primula. These morphological facts show that the pentadactyl limb arose after the fin-limb transition and is the product of the canalization of the phenotype of the archaic limbs. This phenotype may be the result of defective interaxon communication that obstructs axon extension or fasciculation in the longitudinal pathways. Other items of an interest at the forum will be susceptibilities and inborn anomalies, determination of the phenotype, genealogical study and risk assessment prevention. The second mutant phenotype is a slower rate of photoreceptive disk membrane renewal in the outer segments, caused by perturbed phagocytosis of disk membranes. Although the data are scarce, naturally occurring conjugative resistance plasmids are also generally considered costly when there is no selection for the resistance phenotype. The differential fitnesses are weighted averages of phenotype fitnesses. Maysin accumulation is correlated with a phenotype termed silk browning, in which the cut ends of silks turn brown due to the oxidation of flavones. Specific genotypic mutations in the protease gene can result in high levels of phenotype resistance to individual protease inhibitors and cross resistance. Indeed, increasingly, it is clear that the variability in phenotype and biological behavior of gliomas is a function of genomic and proteomic variability. Attempts to quantify this phenotype would, therefore, lead to gross underestimates and not faithfully represent the occurrence of fluid discharge. To define mechanisms underlying heritable changes in the phenotype, we analyzed the possibility of extranuclear inheritance by transferring some factors via the male. As with any sex-linked gene, the female can only carry one dose of the gene, thus whichever form she expresses in the phenotype is the only form she carries. Thus the archaea and viroid induced Warburg phenotype can contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, autism and primary seizure disorder. This process can continue until the allele is fixed and the entire population shares the fitter phenotype. Results demonstrate that this genomic instability is a part of a ROS induced mutator phenotype in the testis that leads to tumorogenesis. The mutant strains have a shrinker phenotype which is caused by a mutation in GARA receptors. Natural selection acts on an organism's phenotype, or physical characteristics. To highlight the phenotype, lacking macrochaetae are encircled on the left heminotum. Show More Sentences Changes in these often have large effects on the phenotype of the individual because they regulate the function of many other genes. The ABO blood group and Lewis phenotype in saliva were determined for persons found to be secretors as described. The IMPC is an international scientific attempt to create and characterize the phenotype of 20,000 knockout mouse strains. Proof-of-concept studies demonstrate that CNP can reverse the achondroplastic phenotype in mice. An exceptional complex chromosomal rearrangement with eight breakpoints involving four chromosomes in an azoospermic male with normal phenotype. Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. Systematics changed from being based on phenotype to the underlying genotype. Even within the same region, physical phenotype is not related to genetic affinity. An individual organism's phenotype results from both its genotype and the influence from the environment it has lived in. A phenetic species is a set of organisms which have a similar phenotype to each other, but a different phenotype from other sets of organisms. As a result of its robust nature, Littorina littorea can be highly variable in phenotype with several different morphs present. After behaviour has changed radically, small but quick changes of the phenotype follow to make the organism fitter to its changed goals. Virulence of Streptococcus suis type 2 strains in newborn germfree pigs depends on phenotype. Characterization of Vibrio metschnikovii and Vibrio gazogenes by DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotype. If a mutation occurs within a gene, the new allele may affect the trait that the gene controls, altering the phenotype of the organism. Now, a report from an expert panel published in the journal PAIN presents a consensus approach to assessing the phenotype of neuropathic pain. Together, the BChE activity and the DN can be used to determine an individual's biochemical phenotype. Connexin 43 mutations cause the pleiotropic phenotype of oculodentodigital dysplasia. In addition, phenotypes can arise from complex polygenic traits, where an SNP only relates to one factor in the final phenotype. A gene is a sequence of DNA that contains genetic information and can influence the phenotype of an organism. Show More Sentences The complete set of observable traits that make up the structure and behaviour of an organism is called its phenotype. Erythromycin nonsusceptibility was the most common phenotype observed in all groups. An example is the ABO blood type antigens in humans, where three alleles govern the phenotype. Molecular biology improved our understanding of the relationship between genotype and phenotype. Gastric cancers of the microsatellite mutator phenotype display characteristic genetic and clinical features. Restoration of normal microenvironmental signaling can reverse the malignant phenotype even though the cancer cells retain all of their neoplastically transforming mutations. Immunohistochemistry for chymotrypsin or trypsin can be helpful in identifying the acinar phenotype in pancreatoblastomas, as they were in this case. As a result, many aspects of an organism's phenotype are not inherited. Although SNP5 and SNP7 were intronic mutations, they also might affect alternatively spliced transcripts of mRNA or transcription factor binding, thus affecting phenotype. However, viable hybrids are occasionally formed and these new species can either have properties intermediate between their parent species, or possess a totally new phenotype. Since the extinction of the tarpan, attempts have been made to reconstruct its phenotype, resulting in horse breeds such as the Konik and Heck horse. Inherited dilated cardiomyopathies are monogenic disorders caused by mutations in more than 30 genes, characterised by substantial phenotype heterogeneity. Among phenotypic traits distinguishing the 2 biotypes, sensitivity to polymyxin B is considered a reliable indicator and stable phenotype for biotyping. Further studies into the methylation status of this promoter region would provide insight into the CpG island methylator phenotype of these tumours. About half of the promoters of human genes are embedded in CpG islands, so this phenotype in tumor DNA is called the CpG island methylator phenotype. The CpG island methylator phenotype is characterized by DNA hypermethylation in the promoters of tumor suppressor genes with silencing of transcription. It is this genetic variation that underlies differences in phenotype. Hanania showed that this phenotype has more frequent acute exacerbations. Specifically, Afrocentric phenotype bias is explored to gain a better understand of how within-category, feature-based differences influence promotability evaluations. This way it looks as if the phenotype were changing guided by some invisible hand, while it is merely natural selection working in combination with the new behaviour. Show More Sentences Analysis of mosaic animals after mitotic recombination could permit to investigate the phenotype of the mutant clones in wild-type or otherwise mutant imaginal discs. Popper postulates that such purely behavioural changes are less likely to be lethal for the organism compared to drastic changes of the phenotype. The relationship between the karyotype and the phenotype was analyzed in 2 populations where we found a representative number of individuals of each karyotypic class. This was the first case of high-level vancomycin-resistant enterococci with a class A phenotype isolated from a person in our hospital or in Ankara, Turkey. The term was often used in a general biological taxonomic sense, starting from the 19th century, to denote genetically differentiated human populations defined by phenotype. Then they screened the biofilm phenotype using crystal violet stain. Although S lines had higher VO2 max than C, subordinate traits showed no statistical differences when the presence of the mini-muscle phenotype was controlled. The demonstration that the short sleeper phenotype can be reverted in these lines by transposon jumping indicates that a single gene is likely to be involved. Research on the genetic factors contributing to neuropathic pain has been hindered by the lack of a standard approach to assessing its clinical characteristics or phenotype. Indeed, the screening of drugs with extensive polypharmacologies within phenotypic assays is an intriguing exercise in associating mechanism to phenotype. Many scientific racialists pointed out at the time that it would have been difficult for races to change so markedly in genotype and phenotype in such a short period of time. Examples from Classical Literature The severity of the phenotype depends on the chromo somes involved and the position of the breakpoint regions. Find more words! 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Words that rhyme with phenotype What is the past tense of phenotype? What is the plural of phenotype? What is the adverb for phenotype? What is the adjective for phenotype? What is the noun for phenotype? Translations for phenotype Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words phenothiazine phenoms phenomenon phenomenology phenomenologists phenomenologist phenotypes phenotypic phenotypical phenotypically phenotyping phenoxybenzamine 9-letter Words Starting With p ph phe phen pheno phenot phenoty phenotyp