How to use mitochondria in a sentence

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Sentence Examples Within a few minutes of calcium overload, the mitochondria, which started as elongated organelles, rounded up into spherically shaped particles. The second argument arises from the demonstration that mammalian mitochondria house the enzyme apparatus that is necessary for recombination. Golgi apparatus producing secretory vesicles, and mitochondria were found throughout the tube. Defective mitochondria can slow down or prevent the growth of a fertilised egg, preventing conception. In mesophyll cells, chloroplasts are dismantled in an early phase of senescence, while mitochondria remain functional. Then they repopulated these cells with mitochondria prepared from the platelets of PD patients or healthy control subjects. Interspecific heteroplasmic mice were also produced by microinjection of somatic mitochondria into pronucleus-stage embryos. Intact lysosomes, mitochondria and microsomes were isolated from RPE cells. Therefore, it is not regarded as a direct major source of one-carbon units for biosynthetic reactions outside the mitochondria. The results suggest a shared thiamine transporter for mitochondria and the plasma membrane. Chloroplasts are cell organelles comparable to the mitochondria of animal cells. Elongation and unsaturation of fatty acids occurs in both the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. The cytoplasm contained numerous mitochondria, fragmented rough endoplasmic reticula, small lipid droplets, and free ribosomes. The mitochondria and other parts of the cell blow up like balloons and explode. There are two processes that occur within the mitochondria named as the kerbs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. It is also present in smaller amounts in the membranes of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum within the cells. Localized depolarization within a mitochondrial reticulum leads to a virtually instantaneous depolarization of coupled mitochondria. The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chlopoplasts in today's eukaryotic cells were once separate prokaryotic microbes. Remarkably, sperm mitochondria persist in mammalian interspecies crosses as demonstrated for murine and bovine hybrids. Others were highly vesiculated and contained discrete but degenerating organelles, such as nuclei and mitochondria. Show More Sentences Methyl viologen also affects electron-transducing reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum and in mitochondria. Previously described protocols were used for isolation of mitochondria and generation of cytochrome spectra. The order of genes in the mitochondria was used as a third data set for phylogenetic analysis. In older well-elongated cells, part of the immobile mitochondria is already arranged along parallel lines transverse or oblique to the cell axis. The FB-MOs, mitochondria, and haploid nuclei all segregate into budding spermatids and eventually occupy most of the cytoplasmic space. The cytoskeleton is involved in the saltatory movement of organelles such as mitochondria or in the fusion of endosomes with primary lysosomes. Scattered throughout the plasma in cells are organelles called mitochondria. The cytoplasm contained organelles, including endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. In this case, changes in photosynthetic activity enable comparisons to be made between mitochondria in autotrophic and heterotrophic tissue. The higher negative charge is a property that seems to be characteristic of mitochondria in many cancer cells. As in most other animals, the sperm mitochondria penetrate the cell membrane of the ovum at fertilization. She convinced the cytologists that mitochondria are symbionts in both plant and animal cells, as are chloroplasts in plant cells. Untreated cells displayed bright perinuclear and punctuate fluorescence, an indication of the accumulation of the dye in the mitochondria. The contributing enzymes are localized in three different organelles, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and mitochondria. The mitochondria activity of the bone cells after exposure to various preparations of Chinese medicines was determined by colorimetric assay. Chloroplasts and mitochondria communicate through metabolites, exemplified by photorespiration and energy metabolism. In a series of studies, they have shown that photosensitizers that localize in mitochondria are very efficient inducers of apoptosis. Infiltration of the cells' mitochondria, consequent to this exposure, creates an alarming cellular scenario. This feature is especially obvious in plant cells containing both mitochondria and plastids. These protoplasts had a thick cytoplasm with numerous plastids and mitochondria. Show More Sentences A standard polarographic assay was used to measure oxygen consumption by the isolated mitochondria. Uniparental inheritance of mitochondria has also been reported in the isogamous protist Physarum polycephalum. The cytoplasm also contained some mitochondria, granular endoplasmic reticulum, single ribosomes and polyribosomes, and Golgi complexes. The cytoplasm was full of elongated mitochondria, rich in cristae, and with pale matrix. Likely, the presence of mitochondria with functional complex I in the croziers allows the sexual process to proceed past the initial stages. Male sperm cells contain virtually no cytoplasm, and are thus lacking in mitochondria. The increase in cytosolic calcium, released from the mitochondria and influx from the apoplast, contributes to this gene regulation. These cells contained many lysosomal and autophagous bodies and damaged mitochondria. A primary pathway for the uptake of mitochondrial sequences by the nucleus may be provided by autophagy of mitochondria in cellular vacuoles. Different versions of endosymbiotic theory have been presented in the literature to explain the origin of eukaryotes and their mitochondria. In animal cells, a variety of key events in cell death focus on mitochondria. The endosymbiotic theory concerns the origins of mitochondria and plastids, which are organelles of eukaryotic cells. The features suggested that the clear cell change resulted from ballooning and rarefactive changes of mitochondria. Sometimes, dumb-bell or ring-shaped mitochondria occur but with no evidence of associated membrane degeneration. To date, the research team has found that 90 to 95 percent of light scatter generated is from optical properties of mitochondria. Many tumor cells contained scattered cytoplasmic particles consistent with glycogen, mitochondria, and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Overall, the Krebs cycle provides energy and heat for the body's many processes, and the mitochondria are key to this process. At the stage of operation, the eyecup cells have an undifferentiated, embryonic appearance with numerous free ribosomes and scattered mitochondria. For instance, within the individual cell, the subcellular sites of photo-damage may include the plasma membrane, the lysosomes and the mitochondria. The formation of this peak increases with irradiation time when the mitochondria are incubated under control conditions and present high membrane potentials. Show More Sentences Later, during phylogenesis, phagocytosis of other prokaryotic cell types allowed the acquisition of plastids and mitochondria to form the contemporary eukaryotic cells. In the swollen mitochondria, the cristae system practically disappeared. Particularly in oogamous species, uniparental inheritance of mitochondria has been attributed to the small number of mitochondria in the male gamete. Adrenocortical hyperplasia and adrenocortical neoplasms have pleomorphic mitochondria with tubulovesicular and lamelliform cristae and occasional inclusions. However, published data for hydrogenosomes in trichomonads, ciliates, and chytrid fungi are consistent with them sharing common ancestry with mitochondria. The changes consisted of disrupted myofibrils, increased numbers of lipid vacuoles in the sarcoplasm, and abnormally small mitochondria containing focal membrane disruptions. Next, we polarized mitochondria with succinate in the presence of rotenone to examine the effects of proton pumping on the transient depolarizations. An analogous role is played by the PAM complex in mitochondria. Oxygen free radicals in root cells would be formed in the process of root respiration in the mitochondria and the oxidation of secondary metabolites such as soluble phenols. The singlet oxygen damages cell membranes, mitochondria and cell nuclei. An association between mitochondria and intracellular symbionts has already been documented for other symbiotic bacteria that manipulate host reproduction. Treatment with idebenone protected against bile acid-induced rat hepatocellular injury and lipid peroxidation, and prevented hydroperoxide production in hepatic mitochondria. For introduction of spermatid mitochondria, in vitro fertilization was carried out by microinjection of spermatids into unfertilized oocytes as described previously. Inside the cytoplasm are mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. These data are consistent with the notion that the perturbation to the system due to the UV light pulse was minimal to the overall function of the mitochondria. These microscopic organisms, typically 1-5 micrometres long, are distinguished by the absence of sub-cellular organelles, such as a nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. CoQ10 works as an electron carrier in the mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cells, to produce energy and is also a powerful antioxidant. Movement of mitochondria and other cell parts from a neuron's cell body toward the synapse is called anterograde transport. The engulfed bacteria and the host cell then underwent coevolution, with the bacteria evolving into either mitochondria or hydrogenosomes. In eukaryotes, DNA is located in the cell nucleus, with small amounts in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Show More Sentences In mitochondria, it is found in cytochrome c oxidase, which is the last protein in oxidative phosphorylation. The properties of mitochondria from the phasic adductor muscle of Euvola ziczac varied significantly during their annual reproductive cycle. The cytoplasmic layer is home to several organelles, like the chloroplasts and mitochondria. This group, however, does contain typically eukaryotic organelles, such as Golgi bodies, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Animal populations of mitochondria avoid this buildup through a developmental process known as the mtDNA bottleneck. Paternally inherited mitochondria have additionally been reported in some insects such as fruit flies, honeybees, and periodical cicadas. The procedure is used when a woman with genetically defective mitochondria wishes to procreate and produce offspring with healthy mitochondria. In animal mitochondria, each DNA strand is transcribed continuously and produces a polycistronic RNA molecule. It has been reported that at least some types of oxidative DNA damage are repaired more efficiently in mitochondria than they are in the nucleus. Mutations in nuclear genes that encode proteins that mitochondria use can also contribute to mitochondrial diseases. The genomes of its mitochondria and chloroplasts are also being sequenced as part of the project. Likewise, ATP has to be pumped from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm of a cell. In human cells, mitochondria have their own ribosomes that are similar to those found in bacteria. Sestamibi scans in this clinical setting also are likely to be positive because of the activated mitochondria. The Journal of Pineal Research published an article that reported a protective effect for melatonin on mitochondria function in obese rats. The change in disposition of plastids and mitochondria during microsporogenesis and sporogenesis in some higher plants. Mitochondrial sirtuins are NAD-dependent enzymes that bind and regulate metabolic and stress pathways within the mitochondria. The mitochondria are tiny organelles that are often overlooked in the treatment of disease. Mitochondria are found in nearly every cell of the body, and defective mitochondria leave the body with insufficient energy to function. The mitochondria is responsible for the energy production in the blood vessel cells and regulation of inflammation. Show More Sentences During the spermatid stage of sperm development, mitochondria undergo an extensive metamorphosis to form two mitochondrial derivatives. It appears that each spermatozoon possesses a short round head, few mitochondria and underdeveloped middle piece. Researchers found that chocolate milk, a mixture of protein and carbohydrate, boosts mitochondria, the energy source of human cells. Understanding how mitochondria contribute to tumorigenesis and emerging therapeutic resistance is a major focus in cancer biology. The mitochondria, the main intracellular utilizers of oxygen, are considered as oxygen-sensing organelles. In addition, extremely vacuolated oocytes with nuclear shrinkage and elongated mitochondria with a few cristae were observed as well. Cancer grows anyway, since the mitochondria and cytoplasm are still defective in the resulting clone. Most eukaryotic cells also contain other membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria or the Golgi apparatus. They upregulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha, which increases fatty acid oxidation from peroxisomes and mitochondria. The mitochondria also replenish this phosphocreatine store after muscle contraction. In the early vitellogenic oocyte, the Golgi complex, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were involved in the formation of lipid droplets. It is remarkably similar to 1-I-ferritin that assembles into typical ferritin shells within mitochondria and has ferroxidase activity. Stem cell, SENS, gene regulation, mitochondria support, brain uploading, nanomedicine, telomeres, cryonics, and others. The sideroblastic anaemias are a heterogenous group of disorders with the unique characteristic of amorphous iron deposits in erythroblast mitochondria. They lack mitochondria but contain hydrogenosomes of mitochondrial origin. A comparative study of the effects of procaine, lidocaine, tetracaine and dibucaine on the functions and ultrastructure of isolated rat liver mitochondria. For example, the endoplasmic reticulum makes tacts with several organelles, including the plasma membrane, mitochondria, the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. The vegetative cell cytoplasm is very dense, filled with numerous small vesicles, mitochondria, lipidic globules, amyloplasts and ERr with extended cisternae. Top-down control analysis of the cadmium effects on molluskan mitochondria and the role of oxidative stress in cadmium-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Artificial ones are recent, but natural ones include nuclei, mitochondria, mitotic bundles, the pores of channel protein, and other structures inside living cells. Show More Sentences As preautophagic mitochondria reduce their membrane potential and OPA1 levels, these results suggest that fission events induce recycling processes. The reasons why mitochondria have retained some genes are debated. We further observed a corresponding increase in mitochondrial marker staining, with Dnm1l-stained puncta found adjacent to MF-stained mitochondria. Membrane fluidity in mitochondria was measured with the excimer forming probe dipyrenylpropane and mitochondrial function was measured with a Clark-type electrode. More specifically, they found, the process of stem cell differentiation stalled at the stage where mitochondria were degraded in erythroblasts, the precursors of erythrocytes. Examples from Classical Literature Many genetic disorders are due to mitochondrial DNA mutations, and virtually all mitochondria are inherited maternally. Find more words! 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Words that rhyme with mitochondria What is the adverb for mitochondria? What is the adjective for mitochondria? What is the noun for mitochondria? Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words Mito mito mitis mitigatory mitigator mitigative mitochondrial mitochondrial DNA mitochondrion mitogen mitogenic mitogenicity 12-letter Words Starting With m mi mit mito mitoc mitoch mitocho mitochon mitochond mitochondr mitochondri