| The Kievans seem to have had a very vague notion about the existence of the khaganate. |
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| The location of the khaganate has been actively disputed since the early 20th century. |
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| A number of historians, the first of whom was Vasily Bartold, have advocated a more northerly position for the khaganate. |
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| Peter Benjamin Golden presumes that the Rus' khaganate was a puppet state set up by the Khazars in the basin of the Oka River to fend off recurring attacks of the Magyars. |
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| Under Emperor Taizong, Tang general Li Jing conquered the Eastern Turkic Khaganate. |
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| The destruction of Uyghur Khaganate by the Kirghiz resulted in the end of Turkic dominance in Mongolia. |
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| The distribution of the Arabic and Turkic languages, in turn, are a legacy of the Caliphates and the Turkic Khaganate, respectively. |
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| Rurik's successors were able to conquer and unite the towns along the banks of the Volga and Dnieper Rivers, and establish the Rus' Khaganate. |
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| The fate of the Rus' Khaganate, and the process by which it either evolved into or was consumed by the Rurikid Kievan Rus', is unclear. |
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| An attempt to Christianize them had already been made in the 9th century, with the Christianization of the Rus' Khaganate. |
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| Under Emperor Gaozong, Tang general Su Dingfang conquered the Western Turkic Khaganate, which was an important ally of Byzantine empire. |
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| Helu's defeat ended the Khaganate, strengthened Tang control of Xinjiang, and led to Tang suzerainty over the western Turks. |
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| Sogdians were also responsible for spreading Manichaeism in Tang China and the Uyghur Khaganate. |
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| In the 5th century the Buddhist monk Dharmapriya was proclaimed State Teacher of the Rouran Khaganate and given 3000 families and some Rouran nobles became Buddhists. |
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| Pannonia until the end of the 8th century was part of the Avar Khaganate. |
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