| The monitoring station in Poland is a key element, collecting ionospheric and Global Positioning System measurements information. |
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| Although focussed on Canada in particular, those investigations would nevertheless shed light on northern ionospheric phenomena in general. |
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| The military, however, still receives greater positional accuracy because their encrypted receivers can better compensate for ionospheric error. |
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| Light and radio waves get refracted in a phenomenon known as ionospheric scintillation. |
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| Together with her coworkers at Lincoln, she developed the first real-time ionospheric monitoring system based on the Global Positioning System. |
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| This communication deals with the latitude correlation between variations of local zenith airglow and ionospheric data for typical winter and early summer nights. |
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| The larger difference is thought to be related to the fact that only modelled ionospheric delays were used to correct the GPS data. |
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| In addition, a morphological characterization of positive ionospheric storms was carried out. |
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| This made it ideally suited to ionospheric and electrojet research in the upper atmosphere. |
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| Further, distance-dependent or spatially correlated errors due to ionospheric, tropospheric or satellite orbit effects can be more accurately modelled in a network approach. |
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| The quality varies widely, since the signal is susceptible to ionospheric disturbances caused by sunspot activity. |
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| The ionospheric dynamo is produced by movement of charged particles of the ionosphere across the Earth's main field. |
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| Changes in the stream of the charged particles from the Sun affect the conductivity of the ionosphere during ionospheric storms. |
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| Research on magnetospheric and ionospheric effects on major pipelines, electricity transmission lines and communication systems. |
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| This phenomenon is likely to be more important where there are significant ionospheric horizontal gradients in electron density. |
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| In Canada, we build and use auroral imagers, magnetometers and ionospheric radars, as well as satellite and rocket instruments for studying the aurora. |
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| Eruptions on the Sun send out clouds of plasma that interact with the Earth's magnetic field producing magnetic storms, ionospheric disturbances and auroral displays. |
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| One of the products of the IGS is a map of the ionosphere updated every two hours, which Dr Wolf of the BIPM had suggested might be the best source of ionospheric delay correction data for GPS time transfer. |
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| Accuracy is dependent upon various factors including the number of satellites tracked, constellation geometry, observation time, ephemeris accuracy, ionospheric disturbance, multipath and resolved ambiguities. |
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| Baseline data processing is performed using the CGPS22 software utilizing precise satellite ephemerides, earth rotation parameters and ionospheric and tropospheric modelling. |
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| The spacecraft broadcast ionospheric model parameters, but some errors remain. |
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| Some terrestrial radio links can operate by a combination of atmospheric wave propagation, surface wave propagation, ground reflection, and ionospheric reflection. |
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| The ionospheric dynamo is thus controlled by two parameters: the distribution of winds and the distribution of electrical conductivity in the ionosphere. |
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| Moreover the day-to-day variability in ionospheric characteristics may result in the frequency used for communication being above the basic MUF on some days and below on others. |
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| The Office will continue to facilitate the deployment of small, inexpensive instruments around the world to provide global measurements of ionospheric and heliospehric phenomena. |
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| The Safety of Life Service signals are separated in frequency to permit correction of errors induced by ionospheric effects by differentiation of the ranging measurements made at each frequency. |
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| At night, especially in winter months and at times of low solar activity, the lower ionospheric D layer virtually disappears. |
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| These studies have shown that the IGS estimates present significant advantages with respect to the standard ionospheric model used in terms of stability and accuracy for medium and long-distance links. |
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| Variations in the interplanetary magnetic field and bursts of charged particles from solar flares disturb the Earth's magnetic field and ionosphere, initiating geomagnetic and ionospheric storms. |
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| Ashraf Crop Life, Pakistan about Bio safety studies on ionospheric bacterial population of GM crops also spoke on the occasion. |
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| Trans-equatorial propagation of this kind has been observed to extend to frequencies well into the VHF range, often accompanied by a scatter-mode signal associated with the presence of ionospheric irregularities. |
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| Dr Ray replied that he believed dualfrequency GPS receivers might be a more cost-effective solution, since they provide measurements of ionospheric delays along the line-of-sight to specific satellites. |
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| Under other conditions, intense but spatially contained ionospheric irregularities may be present, such as those responsible for the phenomenon of spread-F observed on vertical-incidence ionograms. |
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| Several major scientific programs were scheduled for Antarctica, dealing with the aurora and airglow, cosmic rays, geomagnetism, glaciology, gravity measurement, ionospheric physics, meteorology, oceanography, and seismology. |
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