| Amorphous, polycrystalline, or epitaxial films can be made with thicknesses from 10 nanometers to hundreds of nanometers or thicker. |
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| In prior strained silicon technologies, the silicon film is stressed through its epitaxial growth onto a relaxed silicon-germanium layer. |
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| It is plausible that the solid glass support, which is not flat on the molecular scale, will cause epitaxial coupling that affects the overlaying lipid molecules. |
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| The key to producing high-quality LED die is the growth of the epitaxial layers and an active p-n junction on an optimum substrate. |
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| Copper is known to form isomorphic, epitaxial overlayers on gold single crystal surfaces if deposited from the gas phase. |
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| Alternatively, epitaxial crystallization may be helpful if the material is composed of crystalline phases. |
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| The epitaxial growth process for multi-junction cells requires planar geometries, thus making it challenging to apply any sort of traditional texturing or nanotexturing. |
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| High resolution X-Ray diffraction has been used for many years for the non-destructive determination of thickness, composition, strain and relaxation of epitaxial films. |
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