Jackson showed that a few of the dialect distinctions between West and Southwest Brittonic go back a long way. |
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His work is characterised by a raw Scots dialect and brutal depiction of Edinburgh life. |
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Unlike Breton, Gallo does not have a long promotion history and it is still often perceived as a poor rural dialect. |
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Gallo was felt as a wrong way of speaking French more than as a proper dialect or language. |
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So it is not clear if these medieval dialect divisions correspond to any mentioned by Tacitus and Pliny. |
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For instance, scholars often disagree whether Scots is a language in its own right or a dialect of English. |
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It did not represent one regional dialect but a generalized form of early eastern South Slavic, which cannot be localized. |
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The obsolete term Old Slovenian was used by early 19th century scholars who conjectured that the language was based on the dialect of Pannonia. |
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Atlanta's dialect has traditionally been a variation of Southern American English. |
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Afrikaans, although mutually intelligible with Dutch, is not a dialect but a separate standardised language. |
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Standard German originated not as a traditional dialect of a specific region but as a written language. |
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A mixture of dialect and standard does not normally occur in Northern Germany either. |
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English spoken in Cork has a number of dialect words that are peculiar to the city and environs. |
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There are no clear boundaries between the dialects because they form a dialect continuum, varying only slightly from one village to the next. |
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At the same time writers of the more divergent Vannetais dialect developed a phonetic system also based on that of Le Gonidec. |
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Goidelic languages historically formed a dialect continuum stretching from Ireland through the Isle of Man to Scotland. |
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The German dialect continuum is traditionally divided most broadly into High German and Low German, also called Low Saxon. |
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It is possible that written Manx represents a 'midlands' dialect of Douglas and surrounding areas. |
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However, all German dialects belong to the dialect continuum of High German and Low Saxon. |
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Gradually, Low German came to be politically viewed as a mere dialect spoken by the uneducated. |
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Another common variation on the standard English dialect is the use of the word shug for sugar. |
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The language at this time would have been the Northumbrian dialect of Old English. |
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The soul of dialect is cacography, the deliberate misspelling of words for comic effect, which is the written equivalent of the malapropism. |
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All members of a resident pod use similar calls, known collectively as a dialect. |
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Individuals likely learn their dialect through contact with their mother and other pod members. |
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Political power was no longer in English hands, so the West Saxon literary language had no more influence than any other dialect. |
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Neston once had a distinctive dialect derived from the migrant workers at the Denhall Colliery. |
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Yorkshire Day, held on 1 August, is a celebration of the general culture of Yorkshire, ranging from its history to its own dialect. |
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The dialect of the poem is also consistent with an origin in this part of the country. |
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Such contact has led to a new dialect of German concentrated in the German colonies in the southern province of Rio Grande do Sul. |
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They are very similar to the dialect of Danish spoken in Bornholm, Denmark. |
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Some have argued the dialect was a fully fledged language in its own right. |
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In the northern province of Groningen, people speak Gronings, a Low Saxon dialect with a strong Frisian substrate. |
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Most South Sudanese value knowing one's tribal origin, its traditional culture and dialect even while in exile and diaspora. |
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Many music artists from South Sudan use English, Swahili, Arabi Juba, their dialect or a mix of all. |
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Although resembling the language spoken in northern England, it became a distinct dialect from the late 14th century onwards. |
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The Bornholmian dialect has maintained to this day many archaic features, such as a distinction between three grammatical genders. |
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By the end of the 15th century, however, the Scottish dialect of Northern English had absorbed that designation. |
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The process of standardisation became much stronger at the start of the 16th century, mainly based on the urban dialect of Antwerp. |
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However, the dialect variation was a serious disadvantage in the face of the standardised francophonie. |
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This translation was in a language and dialect specific to the English people and to their Protestant religion. |
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In 1995, 12 percent of the primary school aged children spoke a dialect or regional language, while in 2011 this had declined to 4 percent. |
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Dialects are most often spoken in rural areas, however, a lot of cities have a distinct city dialect. |
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The Brussels dialect combines Brabantian with words adopted from Walloon and French. |
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In most cases the heavy influence of the standard language has broken the dialect continuum. |
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The Dutch Low Saxon dialect area, comprising the provinces of Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel, and parts of the province of Gelderland as well. |
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Seventeenth century English settlers also contributed dialect words that are still in current use in Ulster. |
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Records of their speech show that Irish and Scottish Gaelic existed in a dialect chain with no clear language boundary. |
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Some Dutch Low Saxon dialects like Tweants show features of Westphalian, a West Low German dialect spoken in adjacent Northern Germany. |
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The local people are known as Orcadians and have a distinctive Orcadian dialect of Scots and a rich inheritance of folklore. |
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Other attempts to unite the different dialect circles were met with cynicism. |
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This dialect is at a low ebb due to the pervasive influences of television, education, and the large number of incomers. |
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They are separated from each other by the Dutch dialect of Midslands, which is spoken in the central part of Terschelling. |
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The islands have produced a variety of writers of prose and poetry, often in the distinct Shetland dialect of Scots. |
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The Baltic Germans spoke a distinct Low German dialect, which has influenced the vocabulary and phonetics of both Estonian and Latvian languages. |
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In the Netherlands, native speakers refer to their language as dialect, plat, nedersaksies, or the name of their village, town or district. |
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Well, those children don't speak dialect, not in this school. Maybe in the public schools, but not here. |
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Glasgow is also known for Glasgow patter, a distinct dialect that is noted for being difficult to understand by those from outside the city. |
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Scholarly arguments have been put forward in favour of classifying Low German as a German dialect. |
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The table shows the consonant system of North Saxon, a West Low Saxon dialect. |
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The play was hard to understand when the characters spoke in dialect. |
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The Wyk dialect is thought to have developed from the dialects of immigrants from the Halligen and Strand island. |
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Along with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a dialect continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional variants. |
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The differences in dialect are marked in pronunciation and in some vocabulary but also in minor points of grammar. |
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The dialect is found in such coastal towns as Barry, as featured in the BBC comedy series, Gavin and Stacey. |
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No single dialect had all the perfect forms, each dialect had preserved different aspects and parts of the language. |
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A fundamental idea for Aasen was that the fundamental dialect should be Modern Norwegian, not Old Norwegian or Old Norse. |
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Arabic is the official language of Qatar, with Qatari Arabic the local dialect. |
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This view has been challenged by the hypothesis that the Celtic languages of the British Isles form a phylogenetic Insular Celtic dialect group. |
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In the Brabantian dialect of Brussels, they are called Brusseleers or Brusseleirs. |
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Though generally seen as a dialect of Dutch, some of its speakers prefer to call it a regional language. |
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As a form of Hindustani, Standard Hindi is based on the Khariboli dialect, the vernacular of Delhi and the surrounding region. |
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The local accent is similar to the traditional dialect of Hampshire, featuring the dropping of some consonants and an emphasis on longer vowels. |
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Students lapse to interjectural speech, gibberish, mimic any dialect, brogue, defect and affectation of speech. |
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The dialect in the Chittagong region is least widely understood by the general body of Bengalis. |
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This originates from the city's dialect name, Brummagem, which may in turn have been derived from one of the city's earlier names, Bromwicham. |
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The standardisation of British English is thought to be from both dialect leveling and a thought of social superiority. |
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Herodotus wrote his Histories in the Ionian dialect, yet he was born in Halicarnassus, which was a Dorian settlement. |
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There is still debate whether Scots is a dialect or a language in its own right, as there is no clear line to define the two. |
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Kutchi is often referred to as a dialect of Gujarati, but most linguists consider it closer to Sindhi. |
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Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language. |
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Many linguistic sources about the Slavic languages describe Silesian as a dialect of Polish. |
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Originating from the ancient Norse and Saxon languages, the dialect was prevalent across the Blackmore Vale but has fallen into disuse. |
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Shetlandic is used both in local radio and dialect writing, and kept alive by the Shetland Folk Society. |
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Examples of a nonstandard English dialect are Southern American English, Western Australian English, Scouse and Tyke. |
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The main dialect had characteristics which survive today only in the Irish of Connacht. |
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Similarly, a heteronomous variety may be considered a dialect of a language defined in this way. |
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To describe this situation, the editors of the Handbook of African Languages introduced the term dialect cluster. |
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Historically, Connacht Irish represents the westernmost remnant of a dialect area which stretched across the centre of Ireland to the east coast. |
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The strongest dialect of Connacht Irish is to be found in Connemara and the Aran Islands. |
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Irish President Douglas Hyde was possibly one of the last speakers of the Roscommon dialect of Irish. |
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The dialect of English spoken in Northern Ireland shows influence from the lowland Scots language. |
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Most Irish speakers in Ulster today speak the Donegal dialect of Ulster Irish. |
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Whether the dialect was a trade pidgin or a fully developed mixed language is unknown. |
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However, geography is a much more important determinant of dialect than religious background. |
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The colloquialness of this new dialect is deceptive, for it is neither spoken nor innate. |
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The East Midlands colloquially use a distinctive form of spoken dialect and accent in some areas. |
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The Cornish language evolved from the Southwestern dialect of the British language spoken during the Iron Age and Roman period. |
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Burns was skilled in writing not only in the Scots language but also in the Scottish English dialect of the English language. |
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On 31 July 1786 John Wilson published the volume of works by Robert Burns, Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish dialect. |
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Linguists appear undecided as to whether Cumbric should be considered a separate language, or a dialect of Old Welsh. |
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Old Blind Dogs have also found success singing in the Doric Scots dialect of their native Aberdeenshire. |
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Although usually performed in the Kuwaiti dialect, they have been shown with success as far away as Tunisia. |
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Emperor Tewodros II was born in Begemder from a nobleman of Qwara, where the Qwara dialect of Agaw language is spoken. |
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The mountain village of Triesenberg still preserves features of Walser dialect into the present century. |
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The regional nickname and dialect for people from Newcastle and the surrounding area is Geordie. |
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Indonesian is based on the prestige dialect of Malay, which for centuries had been the lingua franca of the archipelago. |
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English in England can be divided into four major dialect regions, Southwest English, South East English, Midlands English, and Northern English. |
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Some words used in the Geordie dialect are used elsewhere in the Northern United Kingdom. |
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The clear dialect of Inverness Gaelic was held in high regard by speakers of other forms, such as those from Lewis, Sutherland and Ross. |
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Old West and East Norse formed a dialect continuum, with no clear geographical boundary between them. |
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Old Gutnish, the more obscure dialectal branch, is sometimes included in the Old East Norse dialect due to geographical associations. |
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The Old East Norse dialect was spoken in Denmark, Sweden, settlements in Kievan Rus', eastern England, and Danish settlements in Normandy. |
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The Old Gutnish dialect was spoken in Gotland and in various settlements in the East. |
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This dialect of Old West Norse was spoken by Icelandic colonies in Greenland. |
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When the colonies died out around the 15th century, the dialect went with it. |
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This area corresponds roughly to the sprachraum of the Old English Northumbrian dialect. |
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Until the early 12th century, Old East Norse was very much a uniform dialect. |
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The Irish influence is heard in the local Liverpool dialect, often called Scouse, and seen in the faces and names of the populace. |
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A German dialect, Pennsylvania Dutch, is still present amongst Anabaptist populations in Pennsylvania in the United States. |
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The dialect of Scots spoken in the neighbourhood of John o' Groats resembles to some extent that of Orkney. |
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This view is still held by many today, and they have no single name in the Scottish Gaelic language or Doric dialect of the Lowland Scots. |
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Such markers may include common language or dialect, national dress, birthplace, family affiliation, etc. |
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In a dialect continuum, isoglosses for different features are typically spread out, reflecting the gradual transition between varieties. |
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The choice of standard is often determined by a political boundary, which may cut across a dialect continuum. |
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The various local dialects then tend to be levelled towards their respective standard varieties, disrupting the previous dialect continuum. |
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In London, the Cockney dialect was traditionally used by the lower classes, and it was long a socially stigmatised variety. |
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The Ayenbite of Inwyt, a translation of a French confessional prose work, completed in 1340, is written in a Kentish dialect. |
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The Romance languages of Italy are a less arguable example of a dialect continuum. |
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They are not considered to be Hindi despite being part of the same dialect continuum. |
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The following table illustrates the conjugation pattern of but one dialect. |
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Grammars of Old French are without exception based on the Francien dialect. |
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Texas German is a dialect spoken in the areas of Texas settled by the Adelsverein, such as New Braunfels and Fredericksburg. |
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The dialect spoken on the Halligen is one of the mainland dialects though. |
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While we welcome the growth of a meaningful dialect of English, we fear an unregulated growth of Ceylonisms may create a Babeldom in the linguistic international arena. |
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Numerous dialecticisms introduced into the poem reflect the phonetic, morphological, and syntactic differences between dialect and standard language. |
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In the judgement of Guido Almansi, sexuality in the sonnets in Roman dialect is haunted by blennorrhea and eurotophobia, and is thus a wholly negative thing. |
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Westendorff was the first white person I'd met with a true Charleston accent. The dialect had high and low forms, with the latter known as Geech or Geechee. |
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Gottscheerish is an outlying dialect of Bavarian that was flourishing in Gottschee but is now only known by the oldest members of the community in exile. |
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The dialect of the Germanic people who remained in Scandinavia is not generally called Ingvaeonic, but is classified as North Germanic, which developed into Old Norse. |
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Through the educational reforms of King Alfred in the ninth century and the influence of the kingdom of Wessex, the West Saxon dialect became the standard written variety. |
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In the Middle English period the use of regional dialects in writing proliferated, and dialect traits were even used for effect by authors such as Chaucer. |
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In addition, the words that have each vowel vary by dialect. |
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A number of words and phrases are local to the Lake District and are part of the Cumbrian dialect, though many are shared by other northern dialects. |
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However, little evidence of Cumbric remains, so it is difficult to ascertain whether or not it was a language in its own right or simply a dialect of Old Welsh. |
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The North West is really the only area of England where Norse settlement was significant and their influence remains in the place names and dialect of the region. |
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During the Early Middle Ages the British language began to fragment due to increased dialect differentiation, evolving into Welsh and the other Brittonic languages. |
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This dialect uses the incontracted termination both in nouns and verbs. |
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While Scots remained a common spoken language, the southern Scottish English dialect was the preferred language for publications from the 18th century to the present day. |
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The dialect of Newcastle is known as Geordie, and contains a large amount of vocabulary and distinctive words and pronunciations not used in other parts of the United Kingdom. |
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The last first language speakers of Auregnais, the dialect of Norman spoken on Alderney, died during the 20th century, although some rememberers still exist. |
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The language used in Montenegro, traditionally considered a dialect of Serbian, became standardized as the Montenegrin language upon its declaration of independence. |
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Pennsylvania German is a West Central German dialect spoken by most of the Amish population of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana and resembles Palatinate German dialects. |
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And, the linguist Lister Matheson has observed that the language of the Gest of Robyn Hode is written in a definite northern dialect, probably that of Yorkshire. |
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It is this fact that leads some scholars to believe that Beowulf has endured a long and complicated transmission through all the main dialect areas. |
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This may merely indicate the dialect of the scribe responsible for copying the poems, but there is good evidence that the dialect of poet and scribe were very similar. |
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In France, for instance, the dialect spoken in the region of Paris gradually spread to the entire country, and the Occitan of the south lost ground. |
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The primary language is English, although there is a local dialect. |
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Other languages spoken in Ireland include Shelta, spoken by Irish Travellers, and a dialect of Scots is spoken by some Ulster Scots people in Donegal. |
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Some cities in close proximity have a different dialect and accent, such as Scousers from Liverpool and Mancunians from Manchester who are separated by just 35 miles. |
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The Survey of the Gaelic Dialects of Scotland, which collected Gaelic dialect data in Scotland between 1950 and 1963 also interviewed 5 native speakers of Arran Gaelic. |
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The local slang, dialect and phrases of the south Wales valleys communities have been referred to as 'Wenglish', and are often used with comic effect. |
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The New York area is home to a distinctive regional speech pattern called the New York dialect, alternatively known as Brooklynese or New Yorkese. |
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During the British Raj, Hindustani became the prestige dialect. |
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Regional variation in spoken Bengali constitutes a dialect continuum. |
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Sankethi dialect in Karnataka has been heavily influenced by Kannada. |
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In Sri Lanka, the standard is based on the dialect of Jaffna. |
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The record of his delivering his inaugural Declaration of Office in Roscommon Irish remains almost the only surviving remnant of anyone speaking in that dialect. |
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The simplification was weighted in favour of the Western dialect. |
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He employs an orthography that presents the reader with the difficult combination of eye dialect, dense Scots, and a greater variety of verse forms than employed hitherto. |
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Matthews's claim was met with little enthusiasm, despite evidence that the author spoke a regional dialect that matches the language of Le Morte d'Arthur. |
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The West Riding dialect of Hughes's childhood remained a staple of his poetry, his lexicon lending a texture that is concrete, terse, emphatic, economical yet powerful. |
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In Triesenberg, a dialect promoted by the municipality is spoken. |
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In Syria, Palmyrene soldiers even used their dialect of Aramaic for inscriptions, in a striking exception to the rule that Latin was the language of the military. |
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Edward Lhuyd published major work on Inverness Gaelic and after collecting data from between 1699 and 1700, his findings showed a distinct dialect in the area. |
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The use of Swedish and Danish is not for linguistic reasons, as the differences between them are minute at best during the more ancient stages of this dialect group. |
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The text marks the beginning of Old Swedish as a distinct dialect. |
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Although little is known of that Norn dialect, some of this linguistic influence still exists in parts of the county, particularly in place names. |
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Now known as Macedonian, it is the national standard of the independent Republic of Macedonia, but viewed by Bulgarians as a dialect of Bulgarian. |
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The Orcadian dialect of Scots is very different from the various dialects of English in southern England, but they are linked by a chain of intermediate steps. |
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The Middle Dutch dialect areas were affected by political boundaries. |
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Chinese dialectologists have divided the local varieties into a number of dialect groups, largely based on phonological developments in comparison with Middle Chinese. |
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Welsh is known for writing in his native Edinburgh Scots dialect. |
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Walloon, considered either as a dialect of French or a distinct Romance language, is now only understood and spoken occasionally, mostly by elderly people. |
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He felt the pangs intensifying, as if the noodly, repetitive sounds were some lost language he'd known but forgotten, a dialect discarded or repressed. |
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A catechism in the dialect of the Indians of Nope or Martha's Vineyard. |
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There are now believed to be approximately 60,000 native speakers of Scottish Gaelic in Scotland, plus around 1,000 speakers of the Canadian Gaelic dialect in Nova Scotia. |
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The dialect groups are those traditionally used by dialectologists. |
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The dialect is also widely spoken in the state of Perak, especially in the state capital city of Ipoh, as well as in the eastern Sabahan town of Sandakan. |
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Alan Povey's Owd Grandad Piggott stories which have aired on BBC Radio Stoke for a number of years are recited in the Potteries dialect by the author. |
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The eyes of men converse as much as their tongues, with the advantage, that the ocular dialect needs no dictionary, but is understood all the world over. |
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All members of the North American west coast transient community express the same basic dialect, although minor regional variation in call types is evident. |
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It should also be noted that fewer and fewer people speak a Ligurian dialect, known as bunifazzinu, in what has long been a language island, Bonifacio. |
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The Balearic dialect features several differences from standard Catalan. |
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Bergensk is the native dialect of Bergen and a variation of Vestnorsk. |
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With the Protestant Reformation and the introduction of printing, a standard language was developed which was based on the educated Copenhagen dialect. |
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Scandinavian languages are often considered a dialect continuum, where there are no sharp dividing lines between the different vernacular languages. |
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Bornholmian is the only Eastern Danish dialect spoken in Denmark, since the other Eastern Danish dialects were spoken in areas ceded to Sweden and subsequently swedified. |
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By 1900 Zealand insular dialects had been reduced to two genders under influence from the standard language, but other Insular varieties, such as Funen dialect had not. |
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Such is the case with West Flemish, which is considered a Dutch dialect but is far more remote from the standard language than most Dutch Low Saxon varieties are. |
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Dutch Low Saxon used to be at one end of the Low German dialect continuum. |
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Limburgish has been influenced by the Rhinelandic varieties like the Colognian dialect, and has had a somewhat different development since the late Middle Ages. |
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At the same time, knowledge of and appreciation for related varieties was poor, which stifled cooperation between most of the dialect preservation groups. |
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The similarities between the languages made Low Saxon be regarded a dialect of Dutch, and shifting from Low Saxon to Dutch would be relatively easy. |
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The dialect spoken in the eastern area is thus called Wood Frisian. |
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Low German is a part of the continental West Germanic dialect continuum. |
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The question of whether Low German, as spoken today, should be considered a separate language, rather than a dialect of German or even Dutch, has been a point of contention. |
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Thus, unlike in many other countries, the use of any Norwegian dialect, whether it coincides with the written norms or not, is accepted as correct spoken Norwegian. |
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Variations in grammar, syntax, vocabulary, and pronunciation cut across geographical boundaries and can create a distinct dialect at the level of farm clusters. |
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A few elderly people in the village still speak Swedish and observe the holidays of the Swedish calendar, although the dialect is most likely facing extinction. |
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Due to its comparative isolation, the peninsula is one of the remaining strongholds of the Norman language, and the local dialect is known as Cotentinais. |
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The fourth group is the Betawi people that speak a dialect of Malay, they are the descendants of the people living around Batavia from around the 17th century. |
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As a result, the speech of Norfolk is more of an accent than a dialect, though one part retained from the Norfolk dialect is the distinctive grammar of the region. |
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For most types of deer in modern English usage, the male is a buck and the female a doe, but the terms vary with dialect, and according to the size of the species. |
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Pictish is the extinct language, or dialect, spoken by the Picts, the people of eastern and northern Scotland from the late Iron Age to the Early Middle Ages. |
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Most people in Britain speak with a regional accent or dialect. |
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After a discussion of the metres employed by previous translators, Arnold argues for a poetical dialect hexameter translation of the Iliad, like the original. |
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The territory of Greece is mountainous, and as a result, ancient Greece consisted of many smaller regions each with its own dialect, cultural peculiarities, and identity. |
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It is the birthplace of Thomas Hardy, who used the county as the principal setting of his novels, and William Barnes, whose poetry celebrates the ancient Dorset dialect. |
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A nonstandard dialect, like a standard dialect, has a complete vocabulary, grammar, and syntax, but is usually not the beneficiary of institutional support. |
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The mutual intelligibility criterion also flounders in cases in which a speaker of dialect X can understand a speaker of dialect Y, but not vice versa. |
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