| As indicated by its small beak-like mouth, the louvar feeds on small, soft-bodied creatures such as jellyfish and ctenophores. |
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| Data from sponges, ctenophores, and cnidarians are providing a glimpse into the some of the earliest events in Hox evolution. |
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| In the cnidarians, chaetognaths, and ctenophores, the opaque gut wall was the surface measured. |
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| However, unlike cnidarians, ctenophores possess rows of cilia and a unique, complex sensory organ and lack cnidae and metagenesis. |
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| It is therefore largely appreciated that the resemblance between ctenophores and cnidarians is superficial and does not reflect a particularly close evolutionary relationship. |
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| The later accidental introduction of Beroe helped to mitigate the problem, as Beroe preys on other ctenophores. |
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| At least two textbooks base their descriptions of ctenophores on the cydippid Pleurobrachia. |
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| The epithelia of ctenophores have two layers of cells rather than one, and some of the cells in the upper layer have several cilia per cell. |
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| Little is known about how ctenophores get rid of waste products produced by the cells. |
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| Hence ctenophores usually swim in the direction in which the mouth is eating, unlike jellyfish. |
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| These features make ctenophores capable of increasing their populations very quickly. |
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| Most ctenophores that live near the surface are mostly colorless and almost transparent. |
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| Some jellyfish and turtles eat large quantities of ctenophores, and jellyfish may temporarily wipe out ctenophore populations. |
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| The larvae of some sea anemones are parasites on ctenophores, as are the larvae of some flatworms that parasitize fish when they reach adulthood. |
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| A clade including Mertensia, Charistephane and Euplokamis may be the sister lineage to all other ctenophores. |
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| Other zooplankton include cnidarians, ctenophores, chaetognaths, molluscs, arthropods, urochordates, and annelids such as polychaetes. |
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| This new capability has revealed a remarkable diversity of medusae, ctenophores, and siphonophores restricted to the midwater environment. |
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| We routinely collect ctenophores with sediment in their stomodea and with benthic materials in their food grooves. |
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| My mystery organisms range from ctenophores to the obscure solar powered sea slugs which steal chloroplasts from their algal food source. |
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| Lipid biomarkers and trophic linkages between ctenophores and copepods in Svalbard waters. |
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| In ctenophores, however, these layers are two cells deep, while those in cnidarians are only a single cell deep. |
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| Hence ctenophores and cnidarians have traditionally been labelled diploblastic, along with sponges. |
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| For a phylum with relatively few species, ctenophores have a wide range of body plans. |
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| It is also often difficult to identify the remains of ctenophores in the guts of possible predators, although the combs sometimes remain intact long enough to provide a clue. |
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| Also imaged were a variety of invertebrate plankters, ranging from copepods and larvaceans to ctenophores and medusae to invertebrate larval types, such as echinoderm pluteus. |
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| Early writers combined ctenophores with cnidarians into a single phylum called Coelenterata on account of morphological similarities between the two groups. |
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| It is uncertain how ctenophores control their buoyancy, but experiments have shown that some species rely on osmotic pressure to adapt to water of different densities. |
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| The comb rows of most planktonic ctenophores produce a rainbow effect, which is not caused by bioluminescence but by the scattering of light as the combs move. |
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| Like cnidarians, the bodies of ctenophores consist of a mass of jelly, with one layer of cells on the outside and another lining the internal cavity. |
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| Comb jellies, the ctenophores, are life forms that resemble jellyfish. |
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| The relationship of ctenophores to the rest of Metazoa is very important to our understanding of the early evolution of animals and the origin of multicellularity. |
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| The results also show that critical cell types, like neurons and muscle cells, were either lost multiple times during evolution or evolved independently in the ctenophores. |
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| Ctenophores collected by gentle plankton net tows were transported to the laboratory within 12 hours. |
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| Ctenophores may be abundant during the summer months in some coastal locations, but in other places they are uncommon and difficult to find. |
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| Ctenophores and sponges are also the only known animal phyla that lack any true hox genes. |
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| Ctenophores are distinguished from all other animals by having colloblasts, which are sticky and adhere to prey, although a few ctenophore species lack them. |
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| Ctenophores have been purported to be the sister lineage to the Bilateria, sister to the Cnidaria, sister to Cnidaria, Placozoa and Bilateria, and sister to all other animals. |
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