Managers can gauge projected budgets against actual costs with top-down budgeting and bottom-up cost control. |
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Beam robotics is about taking the bottom-up approach, to start from mastering the simple bug and moving up from there. |
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Can you automate information collection and then rely on bottom-up participation to make it useful? |
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Furthermore, to ensure effective management, the Mi'Kmaq are working to establish a bottom-up approach to management decision making. |
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We traced its improbable development to the bottom-up dynamics of the Bazaar model of software engineering. |
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But Clay is right that this calls into question the connection between bottom-up and top-down. |
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You can see your top-down processes at work best in situations where the bottom-up processes are weak. |
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Blogging is a bottom-up grass-roots kind of practice, not a top-down enterprise. |
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In technology the bottom-up open-source software movement is putting new pressure on Microsoft and database giant Oracle. |
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Formerly it had been a very bottom-up process, but there was no strategic framework. |
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What's fascinating is that the contest could have only happened through top down means, but enabled bottom-up participation. |
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I'm going to talk a lot about top-down versus bottom-up approaches to design. |
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It strikes me that you could argue that podcasting now represents a potential bottom-up disruption in the same market. |
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Suddenly, the study of aging is switched from a top-down view of the effects of aging to a bottom-up approach, where causes can be determined. |
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The advent of the Internet has made the bottom-up approach much more practical, too. |
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Evidence from child language tends strongly to support category acquisition as a bottom-up process. |
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There is no evidence of top-down depletion of food resource, nor of bottom-up failure. |
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Now, because of bottom-up sources like Sina Weibo, this fundamental balance was starting to shift. |
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The lack of available candidates is a bottom-up problem, and not necessarily a top-down problem. |
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Finally, a bottom-up approach to adaptation will need to be sought so as to take into account the needs of the most vulnerable populations. |
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It is not a top-down approach but a bottom-up approach, which is what makes it successful. |
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Because, he said, he's come to switch his angle of vision, from the top-down to the bottom-up. |
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Civil society should also make an active contribution to promoting media literacy in a bottom-up manner. |
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Never before had the top-down world of presidential campaigning been opened to a bottom-up, laterally networked community of ordinary voters. |
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But then the Board was set up to be at the apex of a consensus based bottom-up policy process, which is currently being stifled through an unrepresentative structure. |
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The bottom-up saliency map is finally determined by fusing the conspicuity maps. |
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However, bottom-up communities will need the resources to help full citizenship for all Canadians. |
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As noted earlier, we do not ally ourselves with any specific metaphysical view or theoretical system, and prefer a bottom-up approach. |
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Its governance structure would be bottom-up, power ultimately based on sovereign individuals. |
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Co-ordination mechanisms, such as national planning legislation, are needed to link bottom-up and top-down action. |
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But the bottom-up, community-centered union model that the CTU exemplifies refutes those claims. |
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Searching for a bottom-up approach and methodologies for developing foundations and principles of sound public administration. |
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Their experience shows that consultation should be as local as possible and take a bottom-up approach at the basin and sub-basin scale. |
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I wish we had the luxury of choosing candidates purely on the basis of their commitment to a bottom-up revolution of the people and progressive ideas. |
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What we need instead is a bottom-up policy of encouraging local initiatives that would yield a plurality of renewable energy strategies appropriate to different areas. |
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It shares the view that a bottom-up approach would complement efforts to set up a central administration. |
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From the program's inception, Nelson and Erbrick pushed for a bottom-up effort. |
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In this way, it would be possible to obtain bottom-up European cooperation instead of the centralism that we have at present. |
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I am concerned that yet again paternalism is trumping actually bottom-up solutions that include our aboriginal people. |
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Australia said parties had agreed to an iterative approach, rather than top-down or bottom-up. |
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It must be a bottom-up approach and not top-down imposition and the messages must address social realities and situatedness. |
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The Fund's portfolio is built from the bottom-up as new companies replace holdings whose growth has plateaued. |
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However, the forging of a new strategic partnership will mean top down boldness, not bottom-up incrementalism. |
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It's bottom-up regeneration, people power. |
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With regard to the proposal for a road safety authority, I take it that such an authority would have the task of encouraging constructive schemes, have a bottom-up perspective and promote cooperation at different levels. |
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It establishes a flexible bottom-up mechanism that would enable stakeholders to innovate on food labelling, and the labelling rules to adapt to different and continuously changing markets and consumer demands. |
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Defining conservation outcomes is a bottom-up process, with a definition of species-level targets first, from which the definition of site-level targets is developed. |
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By using top-down and bottom-up approaches, the sector simultaneously signals the importance of sustainable development to its future while helping operators to learn from each others experiences at all levels. |
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Conversely, the target can be based on a more realistic objective, through a bottom-up process, where the basis for the target is the estimated effect of the available road safety measures. |
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In the following simulation studies, we will create conditions of bottom-up control by allowing nutrient availability to control autotroph compartment size. |
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Predation by an abundance of medusae on zooplankton and ichthyoplankton could affect the North Sea ecosystem through top-down and bottom-up mechanisms. |
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This community-focused, bottom-up approach tends to produce highly detailed, ethnographically derived accounts of socioecological changes within particular localities. |
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Both bottom-up and top-down risk reduction strategies are effective. |
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If discussions on technical issues linger on, it is an indication that the political and economic pressure by Member States is not sufficient and that the bottom-up approach needs to be adjusted. |
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In order to combat land degradation, bottom-up and top-down participatory management approaches that foster income-generating activities are required. |
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The fixed income decision making process involves topdown and bottom-up strategies that are based upon fundamentally-oriented qualitative and quantitative analysis. |
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Its most successful reform involves freeing schools from local-authority control. But while top-down localism is failing, bottom-up localism is flourishing. |
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As working session 2B ponders the needs for strengthening global democratic governance, this session will concentrate on innovative bottom-up initiatives in response to these pressing global and local issues. |
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The Manager uses a combination of top-down and bottom-up analysis to determine which sectors of the market appear to be undervalued, fairly valued and overvalued. |
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A bottom-up analysis of local individual behaviours to assess the total economic benefits from deforestation, including timber harvesting, cattle ranching and agricultural activities. |
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Nondeterministic bottom-up tree automaton recognize the class of regular tree languages. |
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In my view, abandoning the bottom-up approach cannot be reconciled with the idea of a development round and the report could have been more hard-hitting on that point. |
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The other is mainly bottom-up and rooted in communities of color. |
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We concentrate on bottom-up techniques, in particular, the seminaive evaluation and the magic-set transformation. |
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If bottom-up inefficiencies were relatively small, then their underemphasis vis-a-vis top-down costs would be justifiable. |
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That kind of bottom-up public spirit is a mark of citizens, not subjects. |
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Allocation among sectors, always the result of our bottom-up stock selection process, also contributed to relative performance, due largely to underweight positions in Consumer Staples and Utilities. |
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