The currency is subdivided into 100 tiyin, and was introduced in November 1993 after the fall of the USSR to replace the Russian ruble. |
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He concluded non-aggression pacts with the USSR and Germany, rather than allying Poland with one of these powers against the other. |
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The USSR launched the first manmade satellite, Sputnik, marking the beginning of the space race. |
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At the time it also developed a party line that came to resemble Eurocommunism, ostensibly independent of both the USSR and China. |
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In the Cold War, geostrategic asymmetries meant that the USSR did not need to match the American navy in order to win. |
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The corsac fox is found throughout the southeast area of the former USSR and a large area of central Asia. |
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Legislative power, for its part, was vested in the USSR Supreme Soviet and in the constituent soviets of the republics. |
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One decade after the dismantling of the USSR and the restoration of capitalism, the death rate of Russia exceeds its birth rate. |
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In the USSR, most anarchists turned into Communists after the Russian Revolution. |
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Stalinist reaction in the USSR had profound implications for the international communist movement. |
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Hitler's Polish campaign, and then the attack on the USSR, were launched without formal declarations of war. |
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At the end of the war, the Truman administration required payment for non-military supplies to the USSR, especially a large number of ships. |
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After the break-up of the USSR, he inexorably gravitated toward the US-Israeli axis. |
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Previous claims that the restoration of capitalism in the former USSR would bring democracy in its wake now look increasingly threadbare. |
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Brandt was to sign treaties with Poland, Czechoslovakia and the USSR that formally settled the issue of the millions of expellees. |
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In that year, however, the break-up of the USSR implied the break-up of the forces. |
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The dissolution of the USSR, however, prompted the Air Force to build a small B-2 force and retain untransformed, nonstealthy manned bombers. |
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The old USSR was run by men who did not see the abject and instantaneous murder of civilians as a reason to celebrate. |
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Unlike the U.S., the USSR classified all hard information on their space program as state secrets. |
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The demise of the USSR, they declared, created for the United States the opportunity to establish an unchallengeable global hegemony. |
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Defence against the threat to the system posed by the USSR was one of the essential functions of the hegemonic power. |
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Several decades ago, the USSR developed nuclear weapons and strategic missiles. |
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He steered a neutral course between the USA and the USSR, which became all the more difficult after the outbreak of the Vietnam War. |
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Real connoisseurs of Cold War sporting tussles treasure the memory of the USSR beating the USA in the 1972 basketball final. |
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German aggression against Poland, the USSR, France, and Britain caused him to link the survival of democracy with preserving religious liberty. |
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The USSR covered a huge land mass and was a police state whose reach extended into every Soviet home as well as various places around the world. |
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In 1957, the USSR launched the Sputnik, the first artificial earth satellite. |
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Its sole purpose was to bleed the USSR in a debilitating conflict. |
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It is simply untrue that nationality was 'repressed' under Titoism, any more than it was in the old USSR or other parts of the Communist imperium. |
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Under it, only the USSR and USA were permitted to continue sealing and in return undertook each to deliver 15 per cent of the sealskins taken by them to Canada and Japan. |
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As a cub reporter, he was there with his microphone in 1954 as the USSR Commissar's tried to force the wife of defector Vladimir Petrov to return to Moscow. |
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The USSR lost more than twenty million lives to defeat Nazism. |
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Almost nothing has been touched since the fall of the USSR in 1991, providing an uncanny glimpse behind the iron curtain. |
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As the struggle began, these pilots were the pathfinders who flew into the unknown, seeking information on how the USSR might be preparing an attack on the West. |
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Following the armistice of 1944, Finland was obliged to pay reparations of 300 million gold dollars to the USSR, mostly in ships and other metal products. |
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Lenin believed that the USSR would never overtake the developed world if it remained as technologically backward as it was upon its founding. |
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During the later days of the USSR, countries with the same multilingual situation implemented similar policies. |
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Spitsbergen Island coins were issued in 1946, with Russian Cyrillic lettering, in the USSR denomination of 10 and 20 kopecks. |
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Since the breakup of the USSR in 1991, a small number have converted to various Protestant denominations or to Rodnovery, Slavic native faith. |
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Cuban sugar derived from sugarcane was exported to the USSR, where it received price supports and was ensured a guaranteed market. |
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In 1970, the USSR produced 679 million pairs of leather footwear, compared to 534 million for the United States. |
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Many Liberals were also angered at MacDonald's pursuit of a trade agreement with the USSR, although Asquith rather less so. |
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To this day, I notice myself treating the memory and tradition of the USSR with an indulgence and tenderness. |
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This phenomenon originated in the USSR and was greatly developed in Soviet times. |
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The first children's railway was opened Moscow in 1932, and at the breakup of the USSR, 52 children's railways existed in the country. |
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Moscow had more winners at the USSR and Russian Chess Championship than any other city. |
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Shortly after the German invasion in 1941, the USSR made Berlin an offer of a reciprocal adherence to the Hague Conventions. |
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After the war the POWs were handed over to the Soviets, and after the POWs were transported to the USSR for forced labour. |
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Even the former USSR and Red China had privileged classes, and thus underprivileged ones. |
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The electoral system in place during the legislative elections in the USSR and the RSFSR was not democratic. |
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The USSR, Hungary, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Albania, Rumania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, the Baltic States to name a few. |
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Doctor Zhivago is banned within the USSR until 1988 for its negative portrayal of the Bolsheviks. |
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By the early 1980s, the USSR had built up a military arsenal and army surpassing that of the United States. |
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We would tell the USSR to go jump in the lake. There would be no way we would tolerate that. |
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Both Germany and the USSR used this proxy war as an opportunity to test in combat their most advanced weapons and tactics. |
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The latter was divided into western and eastern occupation zones controlled by the Western Allies and the USSR, accordingly. |
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A Tripartite Treaty of Alliance with Britain and USSR formalised Iran's assistance to the Allies. |
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During this trip he gave his Iron Curtain speech about the USSR and the creation of the Eastern Bloc. |
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The USSR allied with the UK and USA, and emerged as one of the victors of the war, occupying most of central and eastern Europe. |
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Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were incorporated into the USSR, together with portions of Finland, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Romania. |
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In Russia, Ukraine and some other former USSR republics educational degrees are awarded after finishing college education. |
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In the 1966 World Cup, West Germany reached the final after beating the USSR in the semifinal, facing hosts England. |
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At the 1952 Games in Helsinki the USSR team competed for the first time and immediately became one of the dominant teams. |
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Throughout the Cold War, both the US and USSR repeatedly accused the UN of favouring the other. |
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Membership in these groups was identified on Soviet internal passports, and recorded in censuses in both the USSR and Yugoslavia. |
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East Germany was an Eastern Bloc state under political and military control by the USSR via occupation forces and the Warsaw Pact. |
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In order to combat the effects of the Marshall Plan, the USSR developed its own economic plan, known as the Molotov Plan. |
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However, they are included in totals for US, USSR, Chinese and French testing. |
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Britain thus needed the ability to convince the USSR that attacking Europe would be too costly regardless of American participation. |
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She gave weak support to US President Jimmy Carter who tried to punish the USSR with economic sanctions. |
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The Russian Federation retained bicameralism after the dissolution of the USSR and the transition from existing socialism to capitalism. |
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The USSR and USA competed for influence in Latin America, and the decolonizing states of Africa and Asia. |
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However, both the US and the USSR were generally isolationist between the two world wars. |
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The Soviet leader also dismissed the accusation that the USSR was exerting increasing control over the countries lying in its sphere. |
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The station's importance continued as the main rail connection between the USSR and the Communist China. |
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In many societies, such as the USSR, the distribution lead to anger, as it was felt too equal, unfair. |
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Examples include the Russian Federation, USSR, the United States, Mexico, Brazil and India. |
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Ethiopia recovered it after it began receiving massive military aid from the USSR, Cuba, South Yemen, East Germany, and North Korea. |
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Johnson administrations had considered attempting to destroy the Chinese program before it succeeded, but the USSR had refused to cooperate. |
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The possibility that the Middle East could become another superpower confrontation with the USSR was of more concern to the US than oil. |
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Cooperation changed into a far more adversarial relationship as the USSR increased its production. |
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The USSR was relatively ineffective in its use of naval mines in WWII in comparison with its record in previous wars. |
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Since World War II the United Kingdom was forced to withdraw from the area, to be replaced by India, the USSR, and the United States. |
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After the breakup of the USSR, the number of Young Pioneer camps greatly declined. |
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In 1991 the Communist Party in Moscow collapsed, ending the USSR, which split into fifteen independent states. |
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On 25 December 1991, Gorbachev resigned as the President of the USSR, declaring the office extinct. |
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Still the influence of the world economy on the USSR was limited by fixed domestic prices and a state monopoly on foreign trade. |
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During the 70-year existence of the USSR, Russian-speaking colonies were settled all over the country. |
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The USSR had conspired with Hitler to invade Poland and America stood on the sidelines unwilling to get involved in another European war. |
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During the Second World War the USSR pediatricians didn't allow epidemics of children infections being spread in the country. |
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Soon after the collapse of the USSR, a vibrant arms trade appeared in the Gall region of Georgia where many entrepreneurs became wealthy selling weapons to Abkhazians. |
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Among the large spans of recreational park areas are scores of elaborate pavilions, each representing either a branch of Soviet industry and science or a USSR republic. |
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While most parapsychologists in the USSR were forced to conduct psychic research in secrecy, Messing thrilled audiences in packed theaters across the country. |
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Thus, they limit to a strictly defined number the quantity of armed IBMs in the USSR and the United States, as well as ballistic missiles of submarines. |
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An accidental leak of anthrax spores from a biological warfare laboratory in the former USSR in 1979 near Sverdlovsk is believed to have caused at least 64 deaths. |
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After the fall of USSR in the 1990s, growth plummeted, living standards declined, drug use, homelessness and poverty skyrocketed, and suicides increased dramatically. |
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Unlike capitalist countries, scientific and technological potential in the USSR was used in accordance with a plan on the scale of society as a whole. |
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It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. |
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In 1958 Professor Viktor Zhdanov, Deputy Minister of Health for the USSR, called on the World Health Assembly to undertake a global initiative to eradicate smallpox. |
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The transition to independence finally started under a diplomatic agreement between South Africa, Angola and Cuba, with the USSR and the USA as observers. |
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The USSR had several centers of excellence, such as the Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Complex, founded in 1988 by Russian eye surgeon Svyatoslav Fyodorov. |
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On 1 February 1924, the USSR was recognized by the British Empire. |
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Larisa Latynina, who currently holds the record for the most gold Olympic medals won by a woman, established the USSR as the dominant force in gymnastics for many years. |
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Thus the USSR became one of the first communist states to proclaim, as an ideological objective, the elimination of religion and its replacement with universal atheism. |
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With world attention focused on those events, on June 26, 1940, the USSR issued an ultimatum to Romania, demanding immediate cession of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina. |
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After the breakup from the USSR in 1991, energy shortages, political uncertainty, trade obstacles and weak administrative capacity contributed to the decline of economy. |
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In the 1970s and 1980s, the Moldavian SSR received substantial allocations from the budget of the USSR to develop industrial and scientific facilities and housing. |
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In the USSR, the first summer camps were created shortly after its establishment and were called Young Pioneer camps during the Soviet Union's existence. |
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In 1977, Somalia, which had been receiving assistance and arms from the USSR, invaded Ethiopia in the Ogaden War, capturing part of the Ogaden region. |
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The Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies required exit visas both for emigration and for those who wanted to leave the USSR for a shorter period. |
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This in turn led to the formal dissolution of the USSR in December 1991 and the collapse of communist regimes in other countries such as Mongolia, Cambodia and South Yemen. |
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It was later shown that the main reason for halting shipments east was not the behavior of the USSR but rather the recalcitrant behavior of France. |
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However, participation of the United States was thought necessary both to counter the military power of the USSR and to prevent the revival of nationalist militarism. |
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He also added that the event was organized in order to appeal to all soldiers of the former USSR to strengthen the spirit of the rising young generation. |
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After it became known that the USSR carried out its nuclear bomb tests, Russell declared his position advocating for the total abolition of atomic weapons. |
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Following Bogdanov's lead, Vladimir Shamov and Sergei Yudin in the USSR pioneered the transfusion of cadaveric blood from recently deceased donors. |
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