In 1865 The Cambrian Railway company was formed through an amalgamation of smaller companies. |
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All of these Cambrian forms differed from living onychophorans in being marine. |
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The crest of the Blue Ridge is usually underlain with Precambrian or Cambrian igneous rocks. |
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The boundary between the Cambrian and the Ordovician is marked by the appearance of planktic dictyonemid graptolites. |
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A number of fossils from the Cambrian have been described which look more or less like onychophorans. |
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Others have suggested that there is nothing unusual about Cambrian faunas in terms of their flexibility or disparity. |
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The massif comprises low-grade, mainly fine-grained, siliciclastic deposits, ranging from the lowermost Cambrian to the upper Silurian in age. |
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Western Utah is the home of one of the best-known Cambrian fossil localities in the world. |
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The Cambrian Explosion, for example, is the first time we are able to distinguish a chordate from an arthropod. |
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This was accompanied by the multistage emplacement of large intrusive bodies in the Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian periods. |
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It is because of the constant confusion of cause and effect that the Cambrian explosion remains so difficult to explain. |
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It records a mixed polarity pattern that corresponds to the mixed nature of the Early Cambrian geomagnetic field. |
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The Cambrian fossil record suggests that many metazoans were macroscopic and adapted for life in the macrobenthos. |
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Leiocoryphe gemma may be a paedomorphic species derived from some Upper Cambrian trilobite with an effaced cephalon. |
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Bivalves first appeared during the early Cambrian as part of a shallow infauna. |
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They first evolved in the earlier Cambrian period, as part of the great radiation of coelomate animals that occurred at that time. |
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Because of the disparate nature of the Ordovician and Cambrian records, it is difficult to make direct comparison between the two events. |
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Plenty of suitable sedimentary deposits exist within the late Precambrian and Cambrian strata. |
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But after looking into the matter, it seems more like the Cambrian Explosion is a proving ground for evolutionary theory. |
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This formation has been interpreted to represent deposits that accumulated on or immediately seaward of an Early Cambrian shelf. |
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I've learnt a huge amount from Geoff since we contested the Cambrian Rally and I'm very positive that we can have an excellent year. |
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Indeed, as we have seen, the lower boundary of the Cambrian is now defined by the occurrence of the burrow trace fossil, Trichophycus pedum. |
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In the earliest Cambrian, one lineage developed a bivalved mineralized shell, the other an endogastric univalve shell. |
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A few tens of millions of years later, in the Cambrian period, the first mineralized coral-like organisms appeared. |
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It is biogeochemistry that lends substance to the hypothesis that Ediacaran and Cambrian faunas are separated by mass extinction. |
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Furthermore, trilobite faunas in the Early Cambrian were already differentiated biogeographically. |
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In recent years Cambrian trilobites and brachiopods have been discovered in Bhutan, close to the eastern syntaxis of the Himalaya. |
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Some studies that dealt mostly with Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician trilobites included descriptions of brachiopods. |
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The bedrock ranges in age from Precambrian to Mississippian, but Cambrian, Ordovician, and Devonian rocks predominate. |
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Precambrian rocks are those formed before the beginning of the Cambrian period, about 590 million years ago. |
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Bryozoa is the only major phylum that does not have a fossil record in the Cambrian. |
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Now that science has progressed and more data becomes available, it is clear that the Cambrian explosion is well explainable in Darwinian terms. |
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Vertebrates were once the only major animal group not found fossilised in the Cambrian system of rocks. |
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Martin Wright from Ponterwyd has loved the Cambrian Mountains since he was a boy. |
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The earliest Cambrian clayish sediment surface was relatively firm and its penetration required much energy. |
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All of these sites have yielded remarkably preserved Cambrian fossils, in large part due to rapid burial. |
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The geological period known as the Cambrian is marked by the rather sudden appearance of all the basic forms of animals now in existence. |
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Among these, we will take up the Cambrian explosion and its relation to paleontology and systematics. |
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The recent discovery of the Cambrian craniate Haikouichthys has confused matters somewhat. |
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Note that several Cambrian and early Ordovician mass extinctions are not shown here. |
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The Cambrian mountains, almost overwhelmed by conifer plantations, are growing a new kind of forest. |
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Some paleobiologists believe the answer lies in the Ediacaran fossil remains dating back before the Cambrian, in the Ediacaran Period. |
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Thousands of soft-bodied animal fossils paint us a picture of Cambrian marine life. |
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Preservation of non-biomineralized tissues within concretions occurs through most of the Phanerozoic, from the Upper Cambrian to the Recent. |
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Since the Cambrian period, we have only die-off and no new groups coming about, ever. |
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Mick Fitzgerald, who notched his first Catterick success yesterday on Cambrian Dawn, has the mount. |
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Pictured above is Canadia, from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia. |
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Such morphology is consistent with that of priapulids, known to burrow in the early Cambrian clay and sand. |
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These unsegmented worms have been found in Cambrian rocks, such as the legendary Burgess Shale. |
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Around 110 km north of Arming there is a series of further outcrops of Lower Cambrian rocks. |
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However, a range of volcanic ages from Lower Cambrian to Early Devonian is suggested on biostratrigraphic grounds. |
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Above all, the appearance of diverse chordates and agnathans greatly expands our knowledge of the Cambrian explosion. |
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Another important difference is that the basement of one of the Menderes nappes is of Neoproterozoic to Cambrian age. |
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The tectonic events began with the Penobscottian orogeny in the Cambrian Period that affected northwestern to north-central Maine. |
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Similarly, there are no rich fossil deposits before the Cambrian era about 550 million years ago. |
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Sedgwick began fieldwork at Barmouth in north Wales in 1831 where he established the order of local rocks and gave the name Cambrian to the oldest fossiliferous strata. |
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Notably, the oldest known Early Cambrian chordate Yunnanozoon had its metameric muscular units located dorsally of the notochord, although its body was laterally compressed. |
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He also cites the puzzling Cambrian explosion, a spectacular sunburst of marine animals 540 million years ago that laid the foundations of all subsequent evolution. |
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This type of ornamentation is often found in crustaceans including Daphnia, many species of ostracodes, and other Cambrian bivalved arthropods such as Isoxys. |
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The team will be heading to the Cambrian Mountains in Wales in June for the four-day event, which will test their strength, stamina and brainpower. |
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However, the Cambrian was nonetheless a time of great evolutionary innovation, with many major groups of organisms appearing within a span of only forty million years. |
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He also cites the puzzling Cambrian explosion, a spectacular sunburst of marine animals 540m years ago that laid the foundations of all subsequent evolution. |
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And while jawless vertebrates were present in the Cambrian, it was not until the Ordovician that armored fish became common enough to leave a rich fossil record. |
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Then in the Cambrian era, around 570 million years ago, recognizably complex animal life evolved, including vertebrate ancestors. |
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Since two of the primitive calymenides, Pharostomina and Bavarilla, had natant hypostomes it seems very likely that the Cambrian sister taxon would also be natant. |
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A maximum age is indicated by the Cambrian Akaz seamount in an accretionary prism, the presence of which implies the existence of a trench adjacent to the arc. |
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This contradiction cannot be resolved at present due to a lack of Cambrian radiolarian studies, which are needed to provide chronostratigraphic corroboration. |
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Lower Cambrian and subordinate Precambrian strata are mainly metamorphic marine clastic deposits and underlie parts of the western section of the county. |
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The Cambro-Ordovician boundary is now radiometrically dated at 490 Ma and so only rocks and fossils of late Cambrian age are included in this part of our survey. |
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To do so requires a careful look at the many current problems presented by Cambrian fossils, including those stemming from systematics, taphonomy and dating. |
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Pumiceous peperite is associated with a rhyolitic sill that intruded wet, unconsolidated, submarine stratified pumice breccia in the Cambrian Mount Read Volcanics, Australia. |
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A few mineralized animal fossils, including sponge spicules and probable worm tubes, are known from the Vendian period immediately preceding the Cambrian. |
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Much is now known about the stratigraphy and palaeobiogeography of this biota through current interest in the definition of the base of the Cambrian System. |
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If these fluctuations are gradual and restricted, then the boundaries of the Cambrian stages and series cannot be isochronous levels at a global scale. |
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The remaining part of the Cambrian sequence represents a complete marine transgressive cycle, which follows terrestrial deposition of the basal sequence. |
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They suggest that fish are very rare in Cambrian and Ordovician rocks because they were active swimmers and could generally escape from the underwater avalanches. |
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Conventionally, the Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian systems constitute the Lower Palaeozoic and the Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian comprise the Upper Palaeozoic. |
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The South Wales electricity distribution area includes areas of very high sparsity such as the Cambrian mountains in Mid Wales. |
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However, few fossil representatives of Lophotrochozoa have been found in Cambrian fossil records. |
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Oxygen levels seem to have a positive correlation with diversity in eukaryotes well before the Cambrian period. |
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This part of Scotland largely comprises ancient rocks from the Cambrian and Precambrian, which were uplifted during the later Caledonian Orogeny. |
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His term was controversial after his responses to the Cambrian Colliery dispute, the Siege of Sidney Street and the suffragettes. |
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The Cambrian spans from 541 million years to 485 million years and is the first period of the Paleozoic era of the Phanerozoic. |
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These include the South Devon Railway sea wall, the Cornwall Railway's Royal Albert Bridge, and Barmouth Bridge on the Cambrian Railways. |
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Various triggers for the Cambrian explosion have been proposed, including the accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere from photosynthesis. |
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Centrally, Precambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Carboniferous and Permian predominate. |
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Further sedimentary deposits were formed through the Cambrian period, some of which metamorphosed into the Dalradian series. |
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This granite was intruded into the Late Proterozoic to Cambrian metasediments of the Dalradian Supergroup. |
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The Cambrian Mountains run from northeast to southwest and occupy most of the central part of the country. |
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The Cambrian Line crosses the centre of Wales, with trains from Shrewsbury to Welshpool, Aberystwyth and Pwllheli. |
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As a result, our understanding of the Cambrian biology surpasses that of some later periods. |
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The base of the Cambrian lies atop a complex assemblage of trace fossils known as the Treptichnus pedum assemblage. |
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The Cambrian Period followed the Ediacaran Period and was followed by the Ordovician Period. |
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Rocks of these epochs are referred to as belonging to the Lower, Middle, or Upper Cambrian. |
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The lower boundary of the Cambrian was originally held to represent the first appearance of complex life, represented by trilobites. |
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This formal designation allowed radiometric dates to be obtained from samples across the globe that corresponded to the base of the Cambrian. |
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Some Cambrian organisms ventured onto land, producing the trace fossils Protichnites and Climactichnites. |
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Protichnites were the trackways of arthropods that walked Cambrian beaches. |
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The increase in diversity of lifeforms during the early Cambrian is called the Cambrian explosion of life. |
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Vertebrates originated about 525 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion, which saw the rise in organism diversity. |
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The paper was then named The Cambrian News, Merionethshire Standard, and Welsh Farmers' Gazette. |
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In April 2010, all the weekly editions of Cambrian News became available to view as an online digital newspaper on a subscription basis. |
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In 1948 Cambrian was flying in cooperation with BEA and used the de Havilland Dragon Rapide, the Autocrat and the Percival Proctor. |
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During 1953, Cambrian took over Olley Air Service and Murray Chown Aviation and began services between Southampton to Dinard and Paris. |
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In 1967 BEA took over Cambrian, although it continued to operate as a separate airline. |
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In 1972 Cambrian was incorporated into the new British Air Services group and gradually lost more and more of its independence. |
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The shareholders of these constituent companies became the shareholders in the new Cambrian Railways Company. |
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On vesting its headquarters in July 1865 in Oswestry, the company built the Cambrian railways works to the north of the station on Gobowen Road. |
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A registered museum dedicated to the history of the Cambrian Railways is run by Cambrian Heritage Railways in Oswestry. |
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A selection of original Cambrian Railways coaches have survived into the present day. |
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A road in Brecon which runs off the B4601 and over a part of the former line is known as Cambrian Way in commemoration of it. |
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The Cambrian Archaeological Society was founded at a time when a sense of Welsh national identity was increasingly asserting itself. |
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This was the model adopted by Cambrian Archaeological Association for Wales and the Marches. |
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The driving figure in the establishment of the Cambrian Archaeological Association was the Rev. |
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In 1796 it was included on a list of Anglesey cromlechs in the Cambrian Register. |
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That period postdates the Cambrian and Ordovician periods, whose names are also derived from ancient Wales. |
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Cardiganshire, the northernmost part of Dyfed, has a narrow coastal strip and the Cambrian Mountains cover much of the east of the county. |
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Fforest Fawr and Black Mountain extend into the east of Carmarthenshire and the Cambrian Mountains into the north. |
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This line, which became part of the Cambrian Railways, and later the Great Western Railway, is particularly scenic. |
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The Cambrian Mills in this village made blankets, shawls, stockings and other products for local sale and for export. |
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Prior to the Cambrian explosion, most organisms were simple, composed of individual cells occasionally organized into colonies. |
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Bryozoans don't appear in the fossil record until after the Cambrian, in the Lower Ordovician. |
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Several chemical markers indicate a drastic change in the environment around the start of the Cambrian. |
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Some Cambrian trace fossils indicate that their makers possessed hard exoskeletons, although they were not necessarily mineralised. |
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These organisms are central to the debate about how abrupt the Cambrian explosion was. |
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Crustaceans, one of the four great modern groups of arthropods, are very rare throughout the Cambrian. |
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Indeed, statistical analysis shows that the Cambrian explosion was no faster than any of the other radiations in animals' history. |
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The fossil record is consistent with a Cambrian explosion that was limited to the benthos, with pelagic phyla evolving much later. |
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Ecological complexity among marine animals increased in the Cambrian, as well later in the Ordovician. |
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Haikouichthys is one of three species of jawless fish to be found in the Early Cambrian period. |
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However, members of the Ediacara biota reached metres in length tens of millions of years before the Cambrian explosion. |
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Whatever triggered the early Cambrian diversification opened up an exceptionally wide range of previously unavailable ecological niches. |
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There was also a renewed interest in the Cambrian explosion that apparently saw the development of the body plans of most animal phyla. |
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The ecological system reached a new grade of complexity far beyond that of the Cambrian fauna, which has persisted until the present day. |
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Nevertheless, the trilobites remained abundant, all the Late Cambrian orders continued, and were joined by the new group Phacopida. |
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Trilobites in the Ordovician were very different from their predecessors in the Cambrian. |
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The Cambrian News newspaper came to Aberystwyth from Bala in 1870, after it was purchased by Sir John Gibson. |
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Signature Flight Support uses the former Cambrian Airways HQ as their office. |
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The Cambrian Pottery was founded in 1764 by William Coles in Swansea, Glamorganshire, Wales. |
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Before the 1970s ended, Decca released a compilation album of Hopkin's Cambrian recordings, The Welsh World of Mary Hopkin. |
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Cambrian Line services consist of trains from Aberystwyth to Shrewsbury, Birmingham New Street and Birmingham International every two hours. |
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Trilobites, which had thrived since Cambrian times, finally became extinct before the end of the Permian. |
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In the Cambrian carbonate platforms were built by archaeocyatha, metazoa similar to porifera. |
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Since the Cambrian explosion five further major mass extinctions have significantly exceeded the background extinction rate. |
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Debate occurs about whether some Ediacaran and Early Cambrian fossils really are molluscs. |
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Anticline in the Cambrian Conococheague Formation, in the wall of Holcim Quarry, Hagerstown, Maryland. |
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They are now largely absent from the far south, their main strongholds being Snowdonia, the Brecon Beacons and the Cambrian Mountains. |
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A palacokarst of probable Kainozoic age preserved in Cambrian marble at Cemaes Bay, Anglesey, North Wales. |
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Lingulate brachiopods represent a class of marine invertebrates existing from the Lower Cambrian to the present. |
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Significance of fossiliferous Middle Cambrian rocks of Rhode Island to the history of the Avalonian microcontinent. |
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Network Rail has admitted it may take until mid-May to fully re-open the Cambrian Coast line between Barmouth and Pwllheli. |
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That's because, just about 260 million years after the era's end, the Cambrian explosion produced a riot of complex animals. |
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In her Cambrian Explosion series, the firing covers most of the pieces' surfaces with a rough matte surface. |
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The last section briefly details the author's theory on epigenetic mechanisms in evolution and the Cambrian explosion. |
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These seemingly impossibly fast rates of evolution implied by this Cambrian explosion have long been exploited by opponents of evolution. |
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He works part-time at Cambrian College teaching his trade to future millwrights. |
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Palaeobiological significance of Plagiogmus arcuatus from the lower Cambrian of central Australia. |
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Seismic correlation of the Cambrian sequence between Gotland and Hiiumaa in the Baltic Sea. |
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According to the new hypothesis, the same kind of true polar wander occurred during the Cambrian. |
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The Ediacaran, Cambrian, and Lower Ordovician sections are dominated by sandstone, siltstone, and claystone. |
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Anns Leucogranite has yielded a younger, Cambrian age using the Rb-Sr isochron method and may represent a later phase of plutonism. |
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During the Cambrian period the crustal region which became Scotland formed part of the continental shelf of Laurentia, then still south of the equator. |
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This part of Scotland is largely composed of ancient rocks from the Cambrian and Precambrian periods which were uplifted during the later Caledonian Orogeny. |
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On the Cambrian line, performance traditionally dips in the summer months due to increased numbers using the network, in particular those using the request stops. |
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In the past, researchers have suggested that Cambrian animals were jacks-of-all-trades, lacking the specialized features seen among animals today. |
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Most Precambrian chert is abiogenic, whereas silica-secreting organisms have controlled the accumulation of most cherrty deposits since the Cambrian. |
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Studies of these sediments indicate that it is likely that the erosion of the orogen began in the Cambrian and then intensified in the Ordovician. |
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A noteworthy feature of Paleozoic life is the sudden appearance of nearly all of the invertebrate animal phyla in great abundance at the beginning of the Cambrian. |
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The Cambrian witnessed the most rapid and widespread diversification of life in Earth's history, known as the Cambrian explosion, in which most modern phyla first appeared. |
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But there's evidence that some animals evolved before the Cambrian, including the Ediacaran fauna, a bizarre assemblage that flourished between the Cryogenian and Cambrian. |
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Erosion of this orogen has produced sediments that are now found in the East European Platform, including the Cambrian Sablya Formation near Lake Ladoga. |
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Encrusting strategies in a Cambrian nonreefal epibenthic community. |
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The Early Cambrian fossils Fordilla and Pojetaia are regarded as bivalves. |
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Oolites also appear in the Conococheague limestone, of Cambrian age, in the Great Appalachian Valley in Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia. |
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Residentially, Espanola offers affordable living in a town with major retail stores, Cambrian College's satellite campus and a hospital expanding its Family Health Team unit. |
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Crustaceans have a rich and extensive fossil record, which begins with animals such as Canadaspis and Perspicaris from the Middle Cambrian age Burgess Shale. |
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The Cambrian Line provides mainline railway services between Aberystwyth and Shrewsbury, where passengers can join services for London and elsewhere. |
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Molluscs, which appeared during the Cambrian or even the Ediacaran, became common and varied, especially bivalves, gastropods, and nautiloid cephalopods. |
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The discovery of fossils of the Ediacaran biota and developments in paleobiology extended knowledge about the history of life back far before the Cambrian. |
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He founded the system for the classification of Cambrian rocks and with Roderick Murchison worked out the order of the Carboniferous and underlying Devonian strata. |
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Based on work which he did on Welsh rock strata, he proposed the Cambrian period in 1835, in a joint publication in which Roderick Murchison also proposed the Silurian period. |
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Early Cambrian specimens filtered microscopic plankton from the seawater. |
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Before the start of the Cambrian, their corpses and droppings were too small to fall quickly towards the seabed, since their drag was about the same as their weight. |
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Eyes may well have evolved long before the start of the Cambrian. |
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Thus Harry Blackmore Whittington's questions regarding the abrupt nature of the Cambrian explosion remain, and have yet to be satisfactorily answered. |
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In fact, disparity remains relatively low throughout the Cambrian, with modern levels of disparity only attained after the early Ordovician radiation. |
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This contrasts with most other early Cambrian arthropods, which fed messily by shovelling anything they could get their feeding appendages on into their mouths. |
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Other analyses, some more recent and some dating back to the 1970s, argue that complex animals similar to modern types evolved well before the start of the Cambrian. |
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To the question why we do not find rich fossiliferous deposits belonging to these assumed earliest periods prior to the Cambrian system, I can give no satisfactory answer. |
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The earliest geological period of the Paleozoic era, the Cambrian, takes its name from the Cambrian Mountains, where geologists first identified Cambrian remnants. |
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Interpretation is difficult due to a limited supply of evidence, based mainly on an incomplete fossil record and chemical signatures remaining in Cambrian rocks. |
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The Cambrian explosion has generated extensive scientific debate. |
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After the Cambrian Mills burned down in 1912 Newtown was no longer an important woollen industrial centre and many of the workers moved elsewhere. |
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Trains on the Cambrian Line are operated by Arriva Trains Wales. |
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The railway station, once on the main line of the Cambrian Railways, was closed as a consequence of the 1960s' Beeching Report on British Railways. |
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The Academy's rapid growth was recognised the year after its formation, when in 1882 Queen Victoria commanded that it should be styled the 'Royal' Cambrian Academy of Art. |
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July 1864 when the Cambrian Railways Act received Royal Assent. |
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The name is continued today in the route known as the Cambrian Line. |
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Cambrian was set up on 25 April 1935 as Cambrian Air Services. |
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The Cambrian News is a weekly newspaper distributed in Wales. |
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Cefn Croes, the site of a controversial wind farm project, is in the Cambrian Mountains, just south of the A44 road between Aberystwyth and Llangurig. |
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The Cambrian Mountains host the Elan Valley Reservoirs and Llyn Brianne reservoir, which provide water for the English West Midlands and for South Wales respectively. |
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The works from Cambrian attempted to imitate those of Wedgwood. |
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With the outbreak of World War II, Cambrian stopped its activities. |
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By the middle of the following Cambrian period, a very diverse fauna is recorded in the Burgess Shale, including some which may represent stem groups of modern taxa. |
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By the end of the Cambrian, burrowing animals had destroyed the mats in many areas through bioturbation, and gradually turned the seabeds into what they are today. |
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Before the Cambrian, the sea floor was covered by microbial mats. |
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The Ediacaran biota suffered a mass extinction at the start of the Cambrian Period, which corresponded to an increase in the abundance and complexity of burrowing behaviour. |
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The Earth was generally cold during the early Cambrian, probably due to the ancient continent of Gondwana covering the South Pole and cutting off polar ocean currents. |
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Trilobite zones allow biostratigraphic correlation in the Cambrian. |
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The rapid diversification of lifeforms in the Cambrian, known as the Cambrian explosion, produced the first representatives of all modern animal phyla. |
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The highest totals were recorded on the western upslopes of the Cambrian Mountains immediately east of Aberystwyth as moist air was lifted over the Plynlimon massif. |
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Japanese scientists believe our ocean-dwelling cousins can be traced back to the Cambrian explosion, a surge in evolution which happened 550million years ago. |
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The Knox Dolomite, a massively bedded, partially crystalline, gray magnesian limestone of Cambrian and Ordovician age, is some 3500 feet thick in this area. |
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However, dominance of lithic fragments in some of the samples indicates that there may have been a sediment influx from proximal Neoproterozoic to Late Cambrian orogens. |
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The move comes amid claims of gazumping and follows a 15-month long dispute over Cambrian Halls of Residence, near the International Convention Centre. |
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