| In the later stages of the zoa the rudiments of the hinder thoracic limbs and of the swimmerets appear as little buds. |
| The next stage at any rate represents the commencement of the zoa series. |
| Amongst the other Macrura the larva generally leaves the egg as a zoa similar to that of the prawns. |
| Before the close of the zoa condition a small and unjointed palp appears on the mandible. |
| In Penus the larv are of comparatively simple form, but in the allied genus Sergestes the zoa has a very remarkable appearance. |
| The zoa is a minute transparent organism, swimming at the surface of the sea. |
