| We present a comparative study of the ultrafast photophysics of all-trans retinal in the protonated Schiff base form in solvents with different polarities and viscosities. |
| This reaction probably involves proton transfer followed by electron transfer, which is the reason that the protonated imine is easier to reduce than the aldehyde. |
| No one has ever observed hydrogen atoms in a glycoside hydrolase enzyme, and until now we did not know how the catalytic glutamic acid residue is protonated, said Kovalevsky. |
| On the other hand, in polar conjugated systems such as protonated Schiff bases the funnel shows a structure with just one twisted double bond. |
| The chemical state of dopamine changes from a protonated hydroquinone in acidic media to an oxidized quinone in basic environments. |
| An acetyl group was attached to residue 22 to mimic the preceding peptide bond and the C-terminal carboxylate was protonated. |
