Gravity working over billions of years would have magnified these perturbations into the universe we observe today. |
Typically, the designer adds more lens elements or applies small perturbations to spherical shapes using aspheric surfaces. |
This last method, restricted to the harmonic elasticity regime, does not require any external perturbations imposed on the system. |
The next step in animal locomotion is to subject animals to perturbations and reveal the function of all their parts. |
Electrical action potentials, osmotic perturbations or chemical signals may trigger these waves. |
These presumably cometary bodies, which reach several hundred kilometers in size, are vulnerable to severe perturbations by these planets. |