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What does passivation mean?

Looking for the meaning or definition of the word passivation? Here's what it means.

Noun
  1. (chemistry) The process of making a material passive (non-reactive) in relation to another material prior to using the materials together.
  2. (chemistry) The spontaneous formation of a hard non-reactive surface film (usually an oxide or nitride) that inhibits further corrosion.
  3. (control theory) Conversion of a non-passive dynamical system into a passive one.
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Examples
Our engineers have also managed to block metal oxidation using passivation.
This effect is related to the oxide layer used for passivation of the silicon surface.
A drain electrode layer is formed by a first passivation film with the first passivation film formed as an upper layer.
For example, manufacturers should document any bench testing conducted to assess electropolishing or passivation of the stent materials.
A final passivation layer is added to the top of the wafer to seal it from water and other contaminants.
The role of the isoalloxazine coating is proposed to be surface passivation from molecular oxygen.

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