| Arctic species of mayflies, scale insects, midges, caddisflies and other groups are known to be parthenogenetic. |
| Some make their hosts parthenogenetic, rendering the need for sexual reproduction irrelevant. |
| Multiplication by budding or by the parthenogenetic production of eggs is not known to occur. |
| It reportedly reproduces exclusively by parthenogenetic female gametes and fragmentation. |
| The parthenogenetic eggs, as in other Cladocera, develop directly, but the resting eggs give rise to larv of the nauplius type. |
| In parthenogenetic populations, traits historically involved in sexual reproduction are no longer under selection and potentially subject to such reduction. |
