| The Countess of Newburgh gave the brush-off to an earl 15 times and locked him out of her house. |
| But the name earl gradually merged with the Danish jarl and, after the reign of Alfred, earls took over the responsibilities of ealdormen. |
| The franchises of the bishop of Durham and the earl of Chester stood outside the shire system of England and had a special independence. |
| The witenagemot chose Harold, earl of Wessex, although his only claim to the throne was his availability. |
| Begun by Arnulf de Montgomery, a son of Roger de Montgomery, earl of Shrewsbury, it has an inner and outer bailey. |
| In return for this, William generously made the great English earl a Norman knight. |
