Drift algae, which are largely absent from tropical reefs, fuel secondary production on temperate reefs by convecting organic carbon from the water column to the seafloor. |
The other sees the entire mantle as convecting and depleted. |
Radiators generate heat by drawing cold air across our feet and convecting it towards the ceiling. |
This coupling between rigid plates moving on the surface of the Earth and the convecting mantle is called plate tectonics. |
For Hess, planet Earth was like a caldron of boiling water bubbling at the center and then convecting sideways before cooling and falling back into the interior of the pot. |
So while the mantle is convecting, and material is moving around, these dense piles of material do not get pushed around that much. |