| The male continues to flutter his wings to maintain balance throughout the two seconds of cloacal contact. |
| The segmental ducts in the larv open behind into the cloacal section of the alimentary tract. |
| This surrounds the cloacal outlet, the latter concealing a double spiculum. |
| Birds were mist-netted or caught in seed-baited traps and sexed by examination of the cloacal protuberance. |
| A current theory is that the eggs are ovulated through the cloacal pore and are expelled under pressure by muscular contractions. |
| The cloacal and genial glands were chosen because they release pheromones used in mate attraction or courtship. |
