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What is a cathode?

What is a cathode? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (electricity) An electrode, of a cell or other electrically polarized device, through which a positive current of electricity flows outwards (and thus, electrons flow inwards). It usually, but not always, has a positive voltage.
  2. (chemistry) The electrode at which chemical reduction of cations takes place, usually resulting in the deposition of metal onto the electrode.
  3. (electronics) The electrode from which electrons are emitted into a vacuum tube or gas-filled tube.
  4. (electronics) That electrode of a semiconductor device which is connected to the n-type material of a p-n junction.
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It consists of a thermionic tube with a cathode, an anode and a third electrode which is called the collector or counter electrode.
When the main power supply of the X-ray tube is on, the cathode emits thermions as it is heated by a heater.
A cathode emits a stream of electrons that collides with neutral atoms of xenon, a gaseous element, in a chamber.
That is more rarefied than the near vacuum in a television cathode ray tube.
There's also the classic cold cathode fluorescent lamp light sticks, and basic LED spots that can be placed anywhere in the case.
Its positive terminal is connected to the anode and its negative terminal to the cathode where the reduction of the metal ion takes place.

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