| Nevertheless, alloying can make changes in the atmospheric-corrosion rate of carbon steel. |
| Over two millennia these Mesopotamian cities developed the art of copper smelting, alloying bronze and, most importantly, writing. |
| The effect of low levels of alloying additions on the soil corrosion of carbon steels is modest. |
| The corresponding loss in yield strength is compensated by alloying with vanadium, nitrogen, chromium, molybdenum, and titanium. |
| The presence of alloying elements such as beryllium, chromium, silicon, and aluminum modifies the nature of the oxide, making it more tenacious. |
| This is because some of the alloying elements form oxides and other compounds at the grain boundaries, embrittling the material. |
