How to use xylem in a sentence

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Sentence Examples As revealed by light microscopy observations, the cambial region comprised the cambium, immature phloem, and immature xylem cells. The first pattern is related to the differentiation of the cambial derivatives to either xylem or phloem through periclinal segmentations. On well-aerated soils, transpiration may play a vital role in supplying oxygen to xylem and inner cambial zones during the growing season. Gut contents of Carboniferous arthropods, which include lycopod xylem elements and spores, are a tangible demonstration of phytophagy. Sometimes an unusual and distinctive fenestrate texture is preserved when the outer surface of the xylem is exposed. With the exception of one possible geopetal structure, the infilling of xylem vessels appears monotextural along their length. The nectary is supplied by a single vascular bundle comprising xylem and phloem. Vascular secondary growth results from the activity of the vascular cambium, which produces secondary phloem and secondary xylem. Root tissue samples are hereafter referred to as periderm, phloem and xylem. In anatomical cross section, the stem of Lepidodendron displays an exarch siphonostele surrounded by secondary xylem in ranks. In addition, the magnitude of growth-associated is similar between xylem and mesophyll and between xylem and epidermis. Thus, elements of the guard cell's response to stress are present in mesophyll and xylem parenchyma cells. Archaeopteris was a true tree, with a woody trunk, xylem, secondary cambium, and leaves. Seals were water-tight even at pressures of several bars, but did not interrupt water flow in the xylem. Throughout the growing season, hollow vessels in a tree's sapwood, or xylem, conduct water and nutrients up from the roots to the leaves. Generally, a high recycling from xylem to phloem was observed in the old parts of the shoot. The cambium produces phloem tissue to the outside and xylem tissue to the inside. Xylem and xylem parenchyma can be recognized in the centre of the taproot surrounded by a ring of meristematic tissue with very high intensity. The outer ring of the stem contains all the functional tissue, including xylem, cambium, phloem, supporting tissues, and epidermis. Graniferous tracheary elements are restricted to the haustorium and occur most frequently in the plate xylem. Show More Sentences In multicellular plants fluxes to and from roots via xylem and phloem further complicate the situation. Vessels differentiate immediately beneath the vascular cambium in the late-formed xylem. Similarly, in cut chrysanthemum flowers, the leaves often wilt, due to a blockage for water transport in the xylem of the basal stem part. At relatively alkaline pHs, even very low ABA concentrations found in the xylem of well-watered plants will limit leaf growth rate. Stained cells corresponding to immature xylem were detected in vascular bundles of flowers and fruits. In the vascular tissue of woody species, parenchyma cells include those in phloem, and the ray cells and axial parenchyma cells in xylem. Lignins occur in great quantity in the secondary cell walls of fibres, xylem vessels and tracheids. The bulk of axial water movement through the elongation zone occurs through xylem elements in the midrib and large lateral veins. It possessed secondary xylem and secondary phloem, which were produced by a bifacial vascular cambium with ray and fusiform initials. In the roots one part may be deposited in the tissue and another part recirculated to the xylem vessels. In freezing xylem, gas bubbles are formed because air is not soluble in ice. The exit of this xylem water, termed guttation, results in the formation of small droplets in the vicinity of the hydathodes. Nutrients are transported from the roots to the leaves inside the veins in the xylem. Lignin formation is an essential part of the development of xylem tissue in vascular plants. In vascular plants, xylem conduits form the major path for water transport from roots to leaves. Independently, root pressure xylem exudate from detopped stem bases was also collected at the time of harvest. Samples were kept frozen until the extraction of xylem water by cryogenic vacuum distillation from stem samples. The conducting tissues within the vascular bundles are the xylem and phloem. A large vascular bundle comprising xylem and phloem elements supplies the nectary. Inside of this zone, undifferentiated xylem cells without secondary walls proliferated through mitotic activity. Show More Sentences Calcium was nearly unaffected and, under potassium limitation, it represented the major cation in xylem sap. Subsequently, this cambium produces both wound xylem and wound phloem and thus contributes to further thickening. Angiosperm root hemiparasites attach to the root system of a host plant and extract xylem sap after gaining contact with xylem vessels. They suggested that ions would move directly from the pericycle to the xylem vessels, rather than through the internal stele tissues. Accumulation was found first in the xylem, then in vascular parenchyma and then in the thick-walled sieve elements. Osmotic potentials of xylem sap and the external medium were estimated by freezing point depression osmometry. The applied suction pressure caused xylem sap flow into the capillary where it could be collected with a syringe. The most obvious manifestation of this is the development of wood, or secondary xylem, from the vascular cambium. Movement in the xylem is by mass flow of the whole solution, and the force is either the tension pull of transpiration or root pressure, or both. The other well-known xylem tapping parasites are the mistletoes. In the xylem, following the application of nitrate, both the exudation rate and the concentration of the cytokinins increased, with ZR being the dominant species in the sap. The similar pH response of root exudate and sap collected by shoot pressurization suggests that xylem sap of N-deprived Capsicum plants is indeed more alkaline in vivo. From there the fungus colonizes the tracheids of the xylem and grows axially and vertically up to the root crown and further up the stem. Formation of phloem and early xylem was directly related to fruitlet size. The mycelium grows more rapidly in the xylem than the bark, but rarely invades the pith. Chloroplasts were abundant in the secondary cortex and secondary phloem, and occurred throughout the secondary xylem rays and medulla of 3-year-old stems. In a diseased white oak, distribution of the fungus in xylem of the current annual ring is much more restricted than in red oaks. Inoculated into elm trees, the fungus rapidly caused pronounced alterations of cambial tissues and colonized the adjoining bark and xylem cells. Thus, there are no rings of secondary xylem or secondary phloem as in woody dicotyledons. Other barriers may also exist because xylem-mobile safranin failed to enter the ovary although the xylem passes around the nucellus and into the stylar tissue. Show More Sentences Secondary xylem is composed of tracheary elements, rays, fibres, and interspersed axial parenchyma cells. In conifers, the tracheids, which account for most of the wood, give the tree rigidity and form most of the xylem. Once inside the symplast, radial transport across the root to the central stele and, subsequently, unloading into the xylem are necessary for translocation to the shoot. Mature larvae enter xylem in late summer, pupate within cells in the autumn, and overwinter as adults. The hydroid tissues, in particular, are the general run of moss water storage cells and are probably only remotely related to the xylem of tracheophytes. However, petrologic ground thin-sections proved to be superior to the peels for showing the fine wall details of xylem parenchyma and tracheary cells. So do the blood vessels of animals and the sap-carrying xylem and phloem of plants. Vascular bundle: a strand of longitudinal conducting tissue within plants, consisting mainly of xylem and phloem. Xylem feeders are prodigious feeders, consuming hundreds of times their body volumes per day in xylem sap. An unidentified fungus has been detected on the beetle and also in wilting oak xylem. Infection experiments suggest that spores of P. cinerescens enter the xylem vessels directly through wounds on the roots. The water flow in trunk xylem is normal, the zinc levels in the trunk wood are not elevated and amorphous plugs are not present. Boron is transported mainly in the xylem vessels and is therefore not transported from the old to the new leaves. Dutch Trig is directly injected by trained personnel into the xylem tissues of the healthy elm trees in spring, just after bud break. Parenchyma rays occur throughout the xylem and phloem cells. Materials in liquids can be injected into trees' woody tissues, known as xylem, because the pressure within the xylem is below that of atmospheric pressure on the outside. Malate alkalizes xylem sap to a greater extent than nitrate. At low power magnification, entire radial stem sections were imaged and the area stained by the safranin determined relative to the total amount of xylem tissue. When it shoves its tubelike mouthparts into a plant to suck sap from the xylem, the insect may transmit a deadly plant bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa, in its saliva. The bundles contain both xylem and phloem, and are marked by the presence of large canals known as carinal canals, which also function in water conduction. Show More Sentences The fungus can easily be isolated from infected xylem on agar media. Removing leaves also reduces cavitation which can damage xylem vessels in plants. According to our observations macerations produce alterations in the xylem tissue, which can lead to misinterpretations. Resistances to fluid flow of model xylem vessels with simple and scalariform perforation plates. The xylem showed incurved margins and consists of scalariform tracheids and parenchyma cells. Water and nutrients in the form of inorganic solutes are drawn up from the soil by the roots and transported throughout the plant by the xylem. The movement of water out of the leaf stomata creates a transpiration pull or tension in the water column in the xylem vessels or tracheids. Sugars are conducted throughout the plant in the phloem, water and other nutrients through the xylem. Fungal spores, introduced into wounds in the tree caused by the beetles, invade the xylem or vascular system. Transpiration plays an important role in the distribution of Calcium in the plant as it is transported in the xylem vessels following the water flow. In situ characterization of a NO-sensitive peroxidase in the lignifying xylem of Zinnia elegans. Are there monocots in which primary xylem and early metaxylem are vesselless but metaxylem contains vessels? Associated with xylem vessels, and providing additional strength, are specialized fibrous cells called xylem fibres, some of which are useful to humans, for example, flax. Thus xylem is commercially important as a source of wood and fibres. The xylem and phloem are in the centre of this pine needle. He and his colleagues focused on the xylem tissue, which consists of tubelike elements that carry water and nutrients throughout the plant. Within the xylem, mycelial growth is very rapid. Fungal mycelium invades the bark and outer xylem of branches and trunks. Lignification completely prevents digestion of xylem and tracheary tissues of legumes. In contrast, the xylem of angiosperms comprises both tracheids and long, tubular vessels. Show More Sentences We need to study xylem anatomy in relation to transpirational and flow characteristics. Quite pronounced xylem stain can usually be found in these branches. More surprising still, the rings of the other two trees were mercury-free, despite there being mercury in nearby soil. Tree rings are made of tissue called xylem. It is known that the xylem and phloem patterns within the vascular bundle are subjected to genetic control. It is absorbed through leaf surfaces and then transported in both the xylem and phloem to the growing points of leaves, shoots, roots or rhizomes. The xylem of anthesis flower parts and pedicels consists exclusively of tracheary elements with helical bands, and rarely, with annular bands. This tissue, however, is not preserved from year to year. When Dr Rodríguez Martín sampled the phloem of the trees he had chopped down, he found it much richer in mercury than their xylem. The haustorium attaches, penetrates and establishes connection with the host xylem. The vascular cambium, which produces xylem and phloem cells, originates from procambium that has not completely differentiated during the formation of primary xylem and primary phloem. Fungal hyphae will initially grow intercellularly and subsequently grow intracellularly through the xylem of the plant. Transmission to healthy plants occurs when the infected vector feeds and egests the bacterium into the plant's xylem. Unlike the xylem and phloem, the veins in a leaf cross-link and loop. Once inside, the mistletoe develops longitudinal and radial systems of haustoria, the former external and parallel to the host cambium and the latter oriented in the xylem and phloem. Secondary growth, resulting in an increase in the width of the axis, is produced by meristematic tissue between the primary xylem and phloem called vascular cambium. These slices also showed that the SB not only pierced primary cell walls, but also the lignified secondary walls of the xylem. Sections done in the stem did not present any alteration in the conduction tissues of xylem, phloem and aerenchyma. Furthermore, most genera have multiseriate xylem rays and varying amounts of axial parenchyma. The simplest and apparently most primitive type of stele is the protostele, in which the xylem is in the centre of the stem, surrounded by a narrow band of phloem. The secondary xylem usually consists of axial and radial elements. Most are aquatic and autotrophic and lack many of the distinct cell and tissue types, such as stomata, xylem, and phloem, which are found in land plants. Show More Sentences Evaporation creates a curvature in the water menisci within the cellulosic microfibril pores of cell walls and at the outlets of the xylem terminuses. Faizah AW, Suratmini P, Nurhayata DP, Bagnall DJ, Bergersen FJ Re-evaluation of the, role of ureides in the xylem transport of nitrogen in Arachis-spp. However, by the time they become competent to conduct water, all xylem tracheids and vessels have lost their cytoplasm and the cells are therefore functionally dead. The roots were either diarch with two primary xylem strands or triarch with three primary xylem strands cleaving into two or three wide secondary xylem lobes. Examples from Classical Literature These vessels together with the numerous small thick-walled cells lying between the pitted vessels constitute the xylem. Just above the xylem there is a group of large and small thin-walled cells. The number of xylem groups is fairly large and the development of the xylem is from the pericycle towards the centre of the stele. The larger bundles are normal in every way, while in the smaller ones the xylem elements are considerably reduced. These concentric rings of secondary xylem and phloem afford a characteristic cycadean feature. Find more words! 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What is the opposite of xylem? Words that rhyme with xylem What is the plural of xylem? What is the adjective for xylem? What is the noun for xylem? Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words xylan XXXX xx xvi XV Xuzhou xylene xylenes xylenol xylidine xylidines xylitol 5-letter Words Starting With x xy xyl xyle