| Mechanisms that prevent selfing and its harmful effects and promote more proficient pollen dispersal have shaped much of floral evolution. |
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| Therefore it can be assumed that the seeds analyzed in this study were the result of neither selfing nor apomixis. |
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| Plants also show great ranges in self-fertility from obligate outcrossing to complete selfing to apomixis. |
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| Accessions generally consist of seed multiplied by selfing a single initial wild-collected individual. |
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| As for calculation of the selfing rate, self-pollination was with pollen from other flowers of the same plant. |
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| Moreover, the high loads of inviable or weak aneuploid pollen produced by triploids induce high selfing rates in normally self-incompatible sexual diploids. |
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| Although not in a significant proportion, seeds produced by selfing often show a bimodal weight distribution, with about one-quarter of seeds lighter than others. |
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| For example, in the evolution of selfing and outcrossing in plants, inbreeding initially selects against selfing lineages by lowering mean fitness. |
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| As a floral device to reduce selfing, the pistil of wild tomatoes extends farther out of the flower than today's cultivars. |
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| The capacity for selfing in these fishes has apparently persisted for at least several hundred thousand years. |
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