| As participation in challenge testing at all time points was voluntary, self-selection was a possible confounder. |
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| This self-selection does represent a potential bias, since participants have been self-selected on the basis of interest and, possibly, prior experience. |
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| The evaluator usually has to consider two possible sources of selection biases, namely administrative bias and self-selection bias. |
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| For example, they may think that self-selection is prevalent among program participants. |
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| Identifying the topic can sometimes lead to unwanted self-selection, where certain types of respondents opt into a survey and others opt out. |
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| This study does not make any attempts to correct for the self-selection of women into the labour force. |
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| Another caveat is related to the self-selection bias resulting from the high non-response rate. |
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| The econometric methodology applied subsequently addresses the question of LMI impacts in the presence of self-selection. |
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| Entrance into most preparation programs has been determined by self-selection, with half-hearted screening and little outreach to talented individuals. |
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| Although biases associated with self-selection cannot be ruled out completely, three factors suggest that participants were comparable to the larger population of employees. |
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| Evaluations of drug treatment programs have reached more positive conclusions but generally suffer from methodological problems, most notably self-selection into treatment. |
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| Nonetheless, to the extent that criteria for self-selection are subjectively determined, populations that inhabit the frontiers are also random and spontaneous. |
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| In addition to observable factors like academic achievement, family background, and ability, some analysts have tried to control for self-selection into various institutions. |
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| It allows for fine-tuning and self-selection of migration flows, yielding far better results than even the most well-meaning bureaucrats could ever achieve. |
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| Your methodology should have taken self-selection into consideration. |
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| In the general population from Spain, a higher asthma risk was observed in former cleaners than in current cleaners, suggesting self-selection related to exposure. |
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| You might well select another career for yourself — but you wouldn't exactly call it self-selection. |
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| I wasn't going to go on this track, but I find it interesting that there's screening in the U. S. and self-selection here in Canada. |
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| A self-selection sample was used to recruit 108 participants for this study. |
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| Delegations questioned the appropriateness of self-selection for the assessment, particularly in comparing the old and new systems. |
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| One implication of individual choice is that the American frontier from the Colonial period onward was peopled through a process of self-selection. |
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| And then there was the question of self-selection. |
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| An experiment in which participants are chosen for the experimental and control groups at random, in order to reduce bias caused by self-selection into experimental and control groups. |
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| However, because the survey sample was not designed to be representative by a variety of other factors, some self-selection bias may be present in the findings. |
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| This preview improves the self-selection process, eliminating some candidates who would end up disillusioned and unhappy. |
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| Pharmacists are being encouraged to put the leaflet on self-selection or into the bags of customers they feel could benefit from the information. |
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| Oravec would contend that this personal context and self-selection of specific topics would then improve the learning process. |
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| The rolling buffet and refrigerator in the dining space allows the residents a lot of self-selection and access. |
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| Either due to inappropriate policies, or self-selection, there are often gendered decisions made about which skills male or female learners select when they participate in vocational or skills training. |
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| As a result, self-selection contaminates results. |
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| Once the firm narrows down the relevant subset of attorneys by a self-selection process, then the firm's recruiters personally interview the few best matches. |
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| It was a range of low minimum thresholds where anyone who met them was automatically entitled to come here… …almost on a self-selection basis… …to work and study – and in many cases, to bring their dependents too. |
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| While the authors addressed the issue of self-selection bias and suggested that future research include pre-test measures to avoid this problem, they nonetheless drew conclusions about the effects of the interventions. |
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| We test for the presence of self-selection bias in this estimate but the tests suggest that the premium is related to returner status. |
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