| Each consists of an egg cell embedded in the tissue of the female gametophyte surrounded by a thick seed coat. |
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| The outermost cell layer is the epidermis with a cuticle that covers the entire seed coat. |
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| In general, the innermost layer of the seed coat of legumes consists of irregularly shaped cells with large intracellular spaces. |
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| Our study of the anatomy and histochemistry of the seed coat has identified a number of potential dormancy mechanisms. |
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| These filial organs are enclosed by a maternal seed coat, derived from one or both ovular integuments. |
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| A seed was judged to be germinated when the root tip had clearly penetrated the seed coat. |
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| The fibrous seed coat or hull of most commercial barley varieties is cemented to the caryopsis and is not removed during threshing. |
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| Germination was also assayed after removal of the seed coat under a stereomicroscope by scratching the seeds carefully with two needles. |
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| A seed was regarded as germinated when the radicle protruded through the seed coat. |
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| Tobacco seeds accumulate oil and protein in the embryo, cellular endosperm and inner layer of the seed coat. |
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| At maturity, the seed coat is primarily a protective structure, although its specific role may be varied and complex. |
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| The fruit is a one-seeded drupe consisting of a fleshy exocarp and mesocarp and a hard endocarp that is united with the seed coat. |
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| Pod wall, seed coat, and seed sections, from fresh glasshouse-grown material harvested mid-photoperiod, were cut using a sledge microtome. |
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| Wheat grains consist of the seed coat, or testa, which surrounds the endosperm and embryo. |
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| The infected seed has purple to brown discoloration and the seed coat may be roughened and cracked. |
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| The permeability property of a seed coat should be related to its structure. |
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| Thus the three seed components, embryo, endosperm and seed coat, are genetically distinct. |
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| Endosperm refers to the rest of the seed, i.e. the seed coat, pericarp, aleurone layer, and starchy endosperm. |
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| On the left, there is a collection of ripe seeds, showing the fleshy yellow seed coat as well as seeds with the coat stripped away. |
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| Expression was more obvious in aleurone cells, the endosperm cells lining the maternal seed coat. |
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| Scarification was accomplished by piercing the seed coat and scraping a small portion of the perisperm with a sterile dissecting needle. |
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| The layer between seed coat and cotyledon probably includes the wall of the embryo sac. |
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| To give the sweet peas a jump-start on the season, lightly scratch the seed coat with sandpaper and soak the seed in water overnight. |
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| A caryopsis was considered germinated when the radicle pierced the seed coat, approximately 10 h after the start of imbibition. |
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| If the seed is very dry or the seed coat is cracked soybeans are even more vulnerable to this kind of injury. |
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| These nutrients enter the seed through a single vascular bundle in the funiculus that extends into the seed coat as the chalazal vein and its two lateral branches. |
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| An identification key to species is constructed based on leaf anatomy and seed coat characters. |
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| Under 175 mM NaCl, seeds for which the radical had emerged through the seed coat were considered as geminated. |
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| A good seed coat is important during imbibition because it moderates the absorption of water and other particles in and out of the seed. |
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| Seeds with an aril that encloses a stony seed coat or seeds with a sclerotesta and a fleshy, coloured sarcotesta are found in dehiscent fruits. |
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| Most fruits with a fleshy pericarp are eaten whole by vertebrates, including the stony endocarp or the stony seed coat. |
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| Blotched seeds are oriental mustard seeds with black or brown discolourations on the seed coat. |
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| Sufficient moisture must be present to penetrate the testa or seed coat, but not so much that the seed rots or that the oxygen level in the soil is reduced. |
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| In this example the dorsal side of the seed coat is slightly wrinkled. |
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| The seed coat tissues were separated by dissection into two fractions. |
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| In addition to its protective function, the seed coat serves as a multifunctional organ and is involved in supplying nutrients to the embryo sac during seed development. |
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| The seed coat is scratched, or scarified, during passage through the digestive tract of the manakin. |
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| After fertilization, the cells of seed coat elongated rapidly and enclosed the embryo sac entirely. |
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| The seed coat of the seed should be removed carefully so that no piece of cotyledon remains. |
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| Others are seed coat and hilum colour, prevalence of disease and maturity. |
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| Some produce seeds that only germinate if the seed coat is scraped or burned off. |
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| The colour refers to the pulp, not the seed coat itself, with brown indicating heat damage in storage. |
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| With low moisture content in the seed it's prone to seed coat damage, which drops the germination. |
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| Cheap relative prices will be needed by countries that really don't care what colour the seed coat is. |
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| Seeds are simply embryos surrounded by a seed coat, which protects the embryo from drought, extreme temperatures and other harsh conditions. |
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| When the seed coat is thin or cracked it does not regulate these functions properly, which will increase injury. |
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| The quality of the seed and the integrity of the seed coat seems to play an important role in chilling injury. |
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| During development of the ovule, the inner of the two integuments disappears, while the outer integument differentiates into different layers of the seed coat. |
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| During this time the nutmeg shrinks away from its hard seed coat until the kernels rattle in their shells when shaken. |
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| The soak test is a quick way to reveal unseen soybean seed coat damage. |
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| It is the seed coat that is the most fragrant. |
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| Orchid seeds are dustlike, consisting of thin seed coat and tiny spherical embryos with no endosperm. |
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| Any crop where seed coat colour is important is drawing attention. |
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| The seeds numerous, fusiform with white and transparent seed coat. |
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| The integument or integuments become modified into the seed coat. |
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| This characteristic isn't important for soybeans intended for crushing or roasting-where high oil or high protein contents are prime characteristics-so these beans often have a brown hilum and darker seed coat. |
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| Further observations suggest that the seed damage occurs primarily to the seed elaiosome and secondarily impacts the seed coat. |
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| After the seed coat has cracked open, the plant is even more vulnerable to the uneven availability of water. |
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| Poor germination of Ziziphus seeds seems causes by dormancy, hard woody endocarp and even seed coat that covering around the seeds. |
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| The functionality of a promoter to a specific layer of the seed coat is now established, offering a tool for manipulating this part of the seed coat. |
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| The project focuses on the development of seed with increased oil content, yellow seed coat color and reduction of fiber and anti-nutritional compounds to improve canola meal quality. |
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| Based on experience with whole canola seed as a feed ingredient, it has been shown that maximum digestibility is best obtained when the hard seed coat of the whole canola is ruptured. |
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| Seeds are embryonic plants that are enclosed in a seed coat. |
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| After plucking a fruit from a branchlet, they move to a larger branch, remove the pulp, hammer the seed coat open with the bill, and extract and eat the embryo and endosperm. |
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| Immediately before the seed ruptures, a circular ring of fine hairs, originating from the junction between the hypocotyl and the epicotyl, extends through the seed coat. |
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| It is derived from the outer layer of Caryopses during milling and includes pericap, seed coat, aleurone layer, germ and part of the subcutaneous layer of starchy endosperm. |
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| She said that combining at an earlier date when there is a higher moisture content and the seed coat is less woody will make crops more digestible. |
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