| Malic enzyme catalyses the reductive decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate. |
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| The cells depend on glycolysis for their main energy requirements and also require supplementation with uridine and pyruvate for growth. |
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| Briefly, plasma lactic acid is converted to pyruvate and hydrogen peroxide by lactate oxidase. |
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| Oxaloacetate, for instance, can be formed from pyruvate, carbon dioxide, and water, with the use of one ATP molecule. |
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| In aerobes with sufficient oxygen, pyruvate is transported to the mitochondrion to undergo further transformations in the Krebs cycle. |
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| This suggests that the H-type LDH is utilized for oxidizing lactate to pyruvate and the M-type the reverse. |
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| The first step is removal of the terminal carbon dioxide from the pyruvate. |
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| As the name of the enzyme implies, pyruvate is carboxylated to form oxaloacetate. |
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| Rates of incorporation of carbon from malate, pyruvate, and acetate are expressed on an acetate-equivalent basis. |
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| Pyruvate is first decarboxylated to produce acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide, catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase. |
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| At Montpellier, the INRA is working on other metabolic pathways, including the transformation of pyruvate into lactic acid. |
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| Some bacteria convert pyruvate and NADH to acetic acid and carbon dioxide. |
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| Advice:For optimal efficiency avoid consumption of food containing caffeine whilst taking creatine pyruvate. |
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| The metabolites considered are pyruvate, malate and citrate. |
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| Lactate is a metabolite of pyruvate, the product of the glycolytic pathways and the substrate for the citric acid cycle. |
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| The glycosome contains glycolytic enzymes that oxidize glucose to the three-carbon molecule pyruvate. |
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| By removing pyruvate and uridine supplementation from the culture media, untransformed cells are removed, while the transformed individual cybrid cells expand. |
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| A special enzyme converts malate to pyruvate, thereby allowing an alternative to the glycolytic pathway that is common in other organisms. |
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| The new technique makes pyruvate molecules more detectable by cooling a sample of the chemical to absolute zero. |
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| Creation of hydrogen gas occurs in the transfer of reducing equivalents produced during pyruvate fermentation to water. |
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| Rapid enzymatic measurement of blood lactate and pyruvate use and significance of metaphosphoric acid as a common precipitant. |
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| Like pyruvate, ethyl pyruvate could also rapidly and stoichiometrically scavenge hydrogen peroxide. |
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| The branched chain amino acids are preferentially deaminated by transamination to alanine, glutamine, pyruvate and oxaloacetate in order to avoid endogenous proteolysis. |
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| The principle enzyme, pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, is present in high concentrations and forms conspicuous crystalline structures inside the hydrogenosome. |
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| Dr Fantin and Dr Leder used a trick called RNA interference to modify glycolysis in the tumours of some specially bred laboratory mice. If too much pyruvate is being made, the surplus is normally turned into lactic acid. |
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| If enough oxygen is available, pyruvate is formed during glycolysis. |
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| The combination of increased pyruvate, lactate, and likely lactic acid implies poor tissue oxygenation as well as a lower pH in the interstitium. |
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| The oxaloacetate formed is split into pyruvate and carbon dioxide. |
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| If there is adequate oxygen much more energy can be produced from pyruvate with the citrate cycle and the respiratory chain than through lactate, so that lactate is generally not formed. |
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| This releases alanine and lactate produced from pyruvate into the bloodstream, which can be converted into glucose by the liver. |
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| Elevated interstitial concentrations of lactate and pyruvate were found in the trapezius muscle of FM patients at rest, compared with controls. |
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| Archaeal cholesterol catabolism can generate porphyrins via the cholesterol ring oxidase generated pyruvate and GABA shunt pathway. |
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| Lactic acidosis during sepsis is related to increased pyruvate production, not deficits in tissue oxygen availability. |
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| Ethyl pyruvate, a simple aliphatic ester derived from pyruvic acid, is safer and more stable than pyruvate. |
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| Autistic, schizophrenic and nair metabolonomic patterns include low efficiency pyruvate dehydrogenase activity contributing to pyruvic acidemia. |
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| Acetyl-CoA, formed as a result of fatty acids oxidation, enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is dependent on sufficient oxaloacetate formed by carboxylation of pyruvate. |
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| In a situation of insulin resistance, BCAAs are used for gluconeogenesis through pyruvate transamination into alanine, there by contributing to glucose intolerance. |
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| Mitochondria use a chemical formed from the digestion of sugar and fats, called pyruvate, to make another substance called ATP, which stores energy until needed. |
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| One of the best and most well-known is the combination of metallic platinum with cinchona alkaloids, which catalyzes the hydrogenation of only one face of methyl pyruvate. |
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| As hydrogen ions accumulate, they combine with pyruvate to form lactate. |
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| Pyruvate formed by this reaction has to be exported from the chloroplast. |
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| Pyruvate carboxylation prevents the decline in contractile function of rat hearts oxidizing acetoacetate. |
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