| The phenology index was calculated as the proportion of flowers with dehiscent stamens. |
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| Other investigations suggest a fundamental role for plant phenology in the population dynamics of oak herbivores. |
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| One explanation is that suctorial insect growth was limited by the phenology of the host plant and not just by climate. |
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| For herbaceous dicots and small woody shrubs we have used the same phenology as that for monocots. |
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| In this paper we analyze the phenology and synchrony of birth seasons in the context of two major limiting factors, food supply and predation. |
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| Many oak traits may act as selective mechanisms, including tree age, seasonal phenology, and chemical and structural defenses. |
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| In summary, there is a complex interaction between host plant phenology effects and natural-enemy mortality for the gypsy moth. |
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| Trees are described first at the generic level, with a discussion of form, ecology, phenology, ethnobotany, etc. |
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| Part six examines phenology of particular life forms including aquatic plants and animals, insects, birds, and large mammals. |
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| Flowering phenology is mainly under genetic control, implying that a detailed study of flowering phenology must consider plants at the individual level. |
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| Flowering phenology is one of the most important characteristics in the life history of plants because it strongly determines fitness through sexual reproduction. |
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| What are the consequences of these movements in terms of both phenology and the disappearance of endemic species? |
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| Summer phenology often occur two or three weeks later in the RAFH's summer range. |
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| We made an effort to control for the possible confounding effects of spatial heterogeneity, apparency, and phenology. |
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| As a result of this delayed phenology, the natural climatic conditions the plants experienced may have selected for early flowering regardless of competition treatment. |
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| The ForSAFE-VEG model system currently includes within-year phenology for trees, but not for ground vegetation. |
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| The establishment and phenology of Furbish's lousewort has been described primarily from research by Gawler et al. |
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| Soil thermal and water conditions affect plant phenology and the plant root and soil microbial activities. |
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| Multi-temporal data are preferred for capturing changes in phenology throughout the growing season. |
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| More data on plant phenology and ephemeral occurrences of plants might improve models. |
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| Biological processes also vary significantly from one ecoregion to the other, including the group of processes related to species phenology. |
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| Geographical information on topography, climate, phenology, natural calamities, and irrigation is included. |
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| Snow depth and spring temperatures in April and May had little impact on breeding phenology of alpine ptarmigan, but delayed snowmelt in June 1995 caused hardship. |
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| The current survey program includes no consideration of moulting phenology. |
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| The ecology of Typha is well-known, with several studies on phenology, production rate, competitive superiority and gas transportation into the below-ground biomass. |
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| The latter class was used to cursorily evaluate the phenology of births on the calving ground. |
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| But while plant phenology, or seasonal events, appears to be keeping pace with changes in climate, Dr. Davis warned against complacency. |
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| This is a good way to produce citizen science and study phenology well, too. |
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| Previous studies of common guillemots have established links between demographic rates or phenology and marine climate experienced both locally around the breeding colony. |
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| The manual should also cover methodologies for the additional monitoring activities on issues such as phenology, ambient air quality, ozone injury and litterfall. |
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| The Ontario Shorebird Survey, which is an offshoot of the MSS, has provided much useful information on population trend and migrational phenology and will contribute to PRISM internationally. |
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| Thermocline deepening and mixing alter zooplankton phenology, biomass and body size in a whole-lake experiment. |
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| Identification of such adaptations could provide invaluable cues for understanding the role of phenology and dioecy in the ecology and evolution of mutualisms. |
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| I think these guys do a good job articulating why that may be— as they say, a phenomenon whose phenology is controlled by photo-period ought to exhibit greater stability than other physiological processes. |
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| But the work, known as phenology, has traditionally required visits to the same tree in the same spot at least once a day, sometimes more, Ms. Mizunuma wrote in an e-mail. |
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| The flowers that overlap in phenology and the functional characteristics of those flowering together all interact to determine the pollinator visitation that we see. |
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| Litterfall assessment shall be carried only on Level II monitoring plots where intensive monitoring of meteorology, deposition, soil water, and phenology are also performed. |
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| Where phenology is assessed the following provisions shall apply. |
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| Multitemporal datasets also contribute phenology information that may aid in interpretation by incorporating the seasonal changes of different species. |
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| Population demographics, underground ecology and phenology of Botwchium mormo. |
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| Evolutionary change in flowering phenology in the iteroparous herb Beta vulgaris ssp. |
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| It appears that weather, including the unusually warm spring and summer drought in 2012 and the dry spring in 2013, affected phenology and reproduction of Aplectrum. |
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| Phenology is the study of recurring natural phenomena, especially in relation to climate. |
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| Phenology of catch records in the early twentieth century in Nordic countries shows that whale presences in northern waters was at peak in June. |
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