| Treatment of bottled water by distillation or reverse osmosis ensures oocyst removal. |
|
| Regulations were adopted in England and Wales in July 1999 that set a standard of 1 oocyst per 10 litres for cryptosporidium. |
|
| However, excystation methods have been shown to be relatively poor indicators of Cryptosporidium oocyst viability. |
|
| Cats acquire Toxoplasma infection by eating any of the three infective stages of the parasite: cyst, oocyst, or tachyzoite. |
|
| The transmission stage, known as an oocyst, is spherical and 8-10 µm in diameter. |
|
| The sporozoites released from the oocyst reproduce asexually within cells, producing merozoites that burst from those cells, each to infect a new cell. |
|
| The dose can be estimated based upon measurements of cyst or oocyst concentrations in drinking water and the amount of water consumed over the period of exposure. |
|
| In theory it should be sensitive down to one oocyst. |
|
| For oocyst infections, midguts of only unfed, semi-gravid and gravid females were examined. |
|
| The relative susceptibility of different mosquito species to parasite development is one of the factors affecting the efficiency of oocyst development. |
|
| An expression in macrogamonts or at the outer oocyst wall was not observed. |
|
| Many sporozoa and members of other totally parasitic phyla form a highly resistant stage for example, the oocyst of the coccidian parasites, which may survive for a long time in the fecal material of the host or in the soil. |
|
| The second method that we're using is microscopy, and in particular it's called Epiflourescence Microscopy... which takes advantage of the Auto-flourescence of the oocyst. |
|
| Cats shed the oocyst form of this organism in their faeces. |
|
| In order to meet or exceed the 2.0 log Giardia cyst removal, the 2.0 log Cyptosporidium oocyst removal and 1.0 log virus removal credit, the direct filtration process must meet the conventional filtration criteria above. |
|
| Finally, combined with a multibarrier approach, the Pall Aria system achieves high levels of microbial, cyst and oocyst reduction. |
|
| In other cases, boil water advisories have been issued when oocyst numbers from watersheds reached levels of concern. |
|
| Once a single coccidial oocyst is ingested by a lamb, it will multiply internally and around 16 million will be excreted back into the environment. |
|
| The mature oocyst contains two sporocysts, each with two sporozoites. |
|
| Ten days later, 15 randomly selected mosquitoes were dissected to determine the oocyst numbers, and 2 other groups were used for the device evaluation. |
|
|
|
| Fecal analysis by oocyst identification after acid-fast staining or concentration by sugar flotation constitutes a logical first step toward antemortem diagnosis. |
|
