| The transistor replaced the bulkier vacuum tube for many uses and was the forerunner of microminiature electronic parts. |
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| Core technologies of a company include high-resolution photolithography, microminiature 2-D and 3-D electro-forming, thin-film vacuum deposition, and ion-beam etching. |
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| The size of a portable receiver constructed from microminiature circuits is now dictated almost entirely by the loudspeaker and the quality of reproduction required. |
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| An important area is biomedical research, in which biological information is telemetered from inside patients by means of microminiature transmitters that are either swallowed or surgically implanted. |
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