So she left home at 16, lived in a tin-hut Delhi slum, foraging for beer bottles she could wash and sell on rubbish tips. |
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Their particular foraging strategy may help explain why they and not all seabird species have the ability to adjust provisioning effort. |
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Rogaining closely mimics the animal foraging problem of choosing which points to visit in what order. |
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Our results add complexity to the genetic architecture of the foraging behavior of the honey bee. |
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Sanders attributes the Argentine ants ' success primarily to its superior foraging and piracy of other ants' food finds. |
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They have collaborated on research, most recently studying territoriality in dragonflies and aggression and foraging strategies in ghost crabs. |
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The more stable design of fast swimming cetaceans may limit these animals to locomoting and foraging in pelagic habitats. |
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Examples include territorial defense and foraging behavior of many lizards, birds, rodents, and migratory locomotion in ghost crabs. |
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In this study we measured the strategy-specific foraging traits of gerbils under both laboratory conditions and in the field. |
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The woodpeckers peel large chunks of bark off of dead trees while foraging for insects. |
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When she feels threatened, an elephant matriarch will group her family in defensive position, which prevents foraging. |
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Rare uakari monkeys, marmosets and umbrella birds move through the lush canopy foraging for food. |
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These birds didn't even scratch the ground for food, practicing normal foraging behavior. |
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For my class project I chose to map the foraging patterns of a nesting Scissor-Tailed Flycatcher. |
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Marine mammals and large flying birds are the animals most likely to be able to benefit from foraging over very large distances. |
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Neither side moved, but one day the Damascenes attacked a large foraging party and nearly annihilated it. |
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The amount of time a crab spider spends foraging on a flower can have a significant effect on the spider's fitness. |
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For the purpose of this study, an important assumption was made about a crab spider's foraging behavior. |
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He led a study of crabeater seals, tagging 34 seals and tracking their foraging patterns. |
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All of the foraging studies were limited to two classes of vegetation, grass and forbs. |
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Chicks given implants of corticosterone beg more than controls resulting in parents foraging to bring more food. |
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Angling closer and slowing to a walk, he is shocked to see a trio of dire wolves foraging in the snow. |
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Variation in leaf quality exists at a scale relevant to the foraging choices of individual folivores. |
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They are swift in flight, but are more commonly seen roosting or foraging on the ground. |
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Believing there was no army in the field to oppose him, he grew careless and let large foraging parties plunder the region. |
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In some species such sexual dimorphism occurs year-round and might be explained by intersexual differences in foraging, dominance or habitat use. |
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Thus, we assume the cost of active foraging is intermediate between the costs of rest and short flight. |
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As they mature, their foraging patterns shift and the fish become opportunistic piscivores. |
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Figbirds feed in flocks, often of around 20 birds that are prepared to fly to isolated trees that are suitable for foraging. |
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I now spend most nights foraging the refrigerator and the cupboards for ingredients to concoct something he would like. |
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Three types of territoriality were recognized according to the defense rate and degree of fidelity to the foraging site. |
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The French army was forced to act as an army of occupation for once, in a country whose infertile land prevented them from foraging successfully. |
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Conversely, selective foraging by herbivores alters plant community composition, which indirectly decreases nitrogen cycling. |
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Our results suggest that immature birds try to increase fat stores by increasing time available for foraging at stopover sites. |
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Instead of spreading out and confronting their neighbors in hostile face-offs, foraging sanderlings bunched together in tight little flocks. |
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Ratios of pecks per pace were calculated to estimate foraging rate at the time and place of observation. |
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The large ears of this species may be an adaptation to foraging on moths or to foraging as gleaners. |
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That chosen for chipmunks is a compromise between the speeds reported for foraging chipmunks and migrating lemmings. |
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In lizards there is a strong relationship between foraging mode and chemosensory location and identification of prey. |
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By confining small fish to living in suboptimal foraging habitat, predation may have important sublethal effects on populations. |
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As they soar over foraging areas, they scan the ground, searching for carrion or scavengers that might signal the presence of something dead. |
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Ground-dwelling omnivores, turkeys walk miles foraging for nuts. insect, and other edibles. |
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For the first few weeks after the chick hatches, the parents take turns tending the chick and foraging, with foraging trips taking many days. |
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Variation in foraging vigor of certain female spiders predicts the occurrence of sexual cannibalism. |
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With no time for foraging, males sometimes cannibalize some of the eggs under their care. |
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Fifteen behaviors involved foraging using tools, such as probing for ants with sticks and cracking nuts with stones. |
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Although in practice this may be true, consumption of non-organic materials is probably a by-product of their foraging. |
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Evening Grosbeaks breed in mixed conifer forests, but will used broadleaved trees for nesting and foraging. |
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This results in higher competition for scarce breeding and foraging resources. |
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Exposure to predators may be one factor that limits the foraging activities of small nectarivorous birds at this site. |
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Mother has a green house out there and there's an automated feeder for the deer who come into town foraging. |
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Their central midfield was notable more for foraging than contributions in attack. |
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For example, Hallowell found the bear cult was linked strictly to hunting success among the northern Boreal foraging societies. |
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Galapagos Penguins have been observed foraging with boobies, terns, and shearwaters. |
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The aardwolf is a undoubted termite specialist, lapping up exposed workers assembled along foraging trails. |
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Like many gulls, the Mew Gull uses a variety of foraging techniques, obtaining food while walking, wading, swimming, or flying. |
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We observe biological examples ranging from the foraging bee's waggle dance to the genetic code. |
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Second, and somewhat complementarily, bottom subordinates had lower foraging success when any other dominant was present. |
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After seeing a fox, wallabies thumped their hind feet in alarm, suppressed foraging, and increased looking. |
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We document relative abundances, habitat preferences, and foraging guilds for the members of the bird community. |
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Thus, foraging habitat was readily accessible to cowbirds on all study sites. |
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These designs typically are built in the non-sticky center of the web, where spiders wait when foraging. |
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These boltholes give Meerkats a place to take cover if danger arises if they are out foraging. |
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Bats feature prominently among organisms that occupy the aerosphere as they extensively use this environment for foraging. |
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We transferred the birds to the second roosting aviary and we counted the number of unconsumed maggots left on the foraging platform. |
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Overall foraging niches of avocets and dowitchers were segregated from each other and from Least and Western sandpipers. |
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Also, Tree Swallows do not defend foraging areas, so dispersal does not affect access to food. |
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They interacted with the foraging and pastoral people who were in South Africa first, the Khoi and the San. |
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However, several species among the 92 species of the original data set use the airspace above the canopy for foraging. |
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During migration and winter, they are coastal, foraging on mudflats, salt marshes, estuaries, and coastal pools. |
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When there is an influx of nectar into the nest, the colony deploys more workers for foraging. |
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Colonies of the monogyne form of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta actively defend exclusive foraging areas with distinct boundaries. |
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They may be found in monogamous pairs, small foraging units, harems, or enormous spawning or feeding groups. |
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In order to compare the evolution of foraging variables between birds, the x-axis was transformed into a percentage. |
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He observed that sanderlings, when not foraging, roosted amicably in large flocks on sandbars. |
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I went down towards the creek and found a huge flock of robins, grackles and red-winged blackbirds foraging. |
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It is possible that year-round foraging by leatherbacks has increased as a response to increased jellyfish. |
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Such sensory modalities expand the range of edible fruits and improve foraging efficiency. |
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Species with large gular sacs use them in conjunction with foraging, mating displays and thermoregulation. |
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Individual wild guinea pigs and California ground squirrels spend more time alert when foraging far from shrub or tree cover. |
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Developed by biologists and anthropologists, optimal foraging is a good example of a microeconomic, deductive modeling strategy. |
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This is so the otters' food can be hidden to encourage their natural foraging behaviour. |
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As you make your way back to the shore, the shallows are a good place to spot grey mullet foraging among the shingle. |
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This variation cannot be met by changing foraging behavior like a period with bad weather. |
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In lizards, actively foraging insectivores identify animal prey using lingually sampled chemical cues, but ambush foragers do not. |
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In addition, the spatial distribution of this resource promotes different foraging strategies in these birds. |
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The two ambushing pantherine felids appeared to prefer foraging in densely covered settings and the dhole in open spaces. |
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Therefore, measurements of dive depths and profiles are significant components in many studies of seabird foraging ecology. |
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The two riparian populations occupy mesic habitats where prey is abundant and favorable thermal conditions allow for extended foraging periods. |
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Among the birds foraging for food, there were a couple of crows. |
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Mountain sheep were everywhere, some sleeping by the road, some foraging, bells ringing from their necks as they moved. |
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In hard times, every waking moment was spent foraging for food. |
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Springtime is the best time for foraging, with a cornucopia of wild vegetables sprouting up in all parts of the country. |
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The vulture also prefers open spaces, foraging over grassland, thornbush, macchia, karoo, desert, and other sparsely vegetated regions, while it avoids large forested areas. |
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His foraging for windows had come up with a collection of mismatched panels which he figured could be retrofitted with a little ingenious framework. |
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This foraging profile overlapped with those of all anthophilous insect families, all bee subgenera, and all species of nectarivorous birds that were encountered. |
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Because rheas walk almost continuously while foraging, we considered that they were walking instead of foraging only when the head was above the body while walking. |
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Salt Point is also the setting of a cautionary tale about foraging that has spread like a fungus among the mycological community. |
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Attempts to mimic the eating habits of our foraging relatives results from a confused understanding of our history. |
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But often Steinbeck was traveling across the western U.S., with no good fishing or foraging to be had. |
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Cracids are arboreal birds, nesting, roosting and foraging in the trees. |
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Intricate reticulated patterns appear in the passageways of the fungus gardens of African termite colonies, and in the crisscrossing trails of foraging army ants. |
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Mill Creek foraging parties may have opportunistically harvested a number of resources from these wetlands including nesting waterfowl, muskrats, and arrowhead tubers. |
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While foraging, the pigs roust grubs that the pheasants eat. |
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It contains historic wetlands that could be restored to provide important habitat for sandhill crane nesting and foraging as well as Oregon spotted frog breeding habitat. |
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As with enlarged leg musculature, larger tarsi may be linked to improved adeptness at locomotion for more effective foraging and predator evasion. |
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Breeding pairs defend large territories for nesting and foraging. |
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Among coastal river otters in this region, sociality could be explained by the benefits obtained from cooperative foraging on high-quality schooling pelagic fishes. |
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The researchers used mouse-eared bats for the study and recreated four artificial microhabitats, each mimicking foraging conditions faced by bats in nature. |
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Nesting colonies are typically found in mature forests, on islands, or near mudflats, and do best when they are free of human disturbance and have foraging areas close by. |
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Affinities of both Kittlitz's and Marbled murrelets for particular water clarity and habitat types seen here reflect differences in foraging preferences. |
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More foraging pressure is being placed on locations with good water quality, as in the case of watercress. |
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An important strategy for avoiding competition may have been a differentiation of foraging niches between sexes, as was shown for the nominate race by Hogstad. |
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For comparison, respirometric data were also obtained from Nyctalus noctula, a hibernating vespertilionid bat of similar body size and convergent foraging habits. |
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Three impoundments are stocked with bluegill sunfish and brown bullhead and partially drained to an appropriate depth for stork foraging during the late summer months. |
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These whales feed primarily but not exclusively on squid, with one species foraging in deep oceanic waters and the other over the continental shelf. |
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It was cosy, had a fireplace, and commanded a nice view of the Bishop of Galway's back yard, where herons used to nest and foxes would come around foraging. |
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However, rapid return to the nest would seem irrelevant for the majority of foraging time when nearly continuous flows of outgoing and returning traffic prevail. |
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The last two foraging styles are more common early in the breeding season. |
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In subantarctic fur seals, the duration of the attendance period was positively related to the duration of the foraging trip, as observed in other fur seals. |
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Data on the foraging activities of honeyeaters were collected for each of the eight sites during four 45-minute sessions throughout the observation day. |
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Trials ended after 3 min of foraging or 1 min after all the birds flew back to their perches, after which the remaining seeds and husks were removed. |
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Emergence occurs after a stylopized wasp alights on flowers, and subsequent transport of first instars to the nest is phoretic, via a foraging wasp. |
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As a result, foraging conditions that female Mallard and pintail encounter during spring migration influence the amount of lipid stored and, thus, reproductive success. |
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In other words, when foraging, whooping cranes favor visual fixation. |
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Nectar is the most common reward amongst epidendroid orchids since their pollen occurs in discrete masses within pollinia and is generally inaccessible to foraging insects. |
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A few wallabies foraging in the saltbush lolloped out of the way. |
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For both human and animal there are cues in the environment that help us judge whether to continue foraging in the same location or to forage elsewhere. |
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So, he came to live in that place, and none knew how he lived or gained his sustenance, other than from his foraging the countryside for bottles and other redeemable scrap. |
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But while the more extreme freegans promote squatting and shoplifting as potential techniques, I restricted my quest to less controversial forms of urban foraging. |
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These observations have implications for our understanding of the foraging capabilities of gannets, and the interactions of gannets with commercially targeted fish species. |
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It turns out, however, that the deer mouse views these larvae as yummy snacks and, while foraging for them, may accidentally ingest whole knapweed seeds. |
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Seeds landing on or near the mounds of granivorous ants are expected to be consumed because foraging activity is presumably highest near active nests. |
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They are often detected by their foraging taps, bark prying, and drumming. |
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Darwin's finches, of course, provide a classic example, modestly based on foraging, not fighting. |
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When the calf is old enough, mom will leave her baby on ice floes while she goes on short foraging trips. |
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A solitary animal, while foraging, can also be less conspicuous to predators or prey. |
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Granivorous birds such as the queleas in Africa are among the most numerous birds in the world and foraging flocks can cause devastation. |
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Divergent foraging strategies of three co-occurring north Pacific flatfishes. |
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Then his eyes went foraging again among the glossy boobular magazine covers. |
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The migration also appears to be quite complex, containing many stopovers and foraging zones throughout the Atlantic Ocean. |
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Boar soil disturbance and foraging have been shown to facilitate invasive plants. |
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Together with their diminished foraging capacity, this can rapidly result in dehydration and metabolic imbalance. |
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Oil can impair a bird's ability to fly, preventing it from foraging or escaping from predators. |
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As a result, South American sea lions have been foraging at higher tropical altitudes than they did prior to human exploitation. |
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Additionally, juvenile Atlantic cod vary their behaviour according to the foraging behaviour of predators. |
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Before the eruption, they were a sparsely distributed people who subsisted by foraging and hunting, using both spears and bows and arrows. |
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It seems that they were culturally conservative maintaining simple technologies and foraging patterns over very long periods. |
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Some studies have found that the duration and direction of flights made while foraging for food are similar for both sexes. |
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Aside from the large numbers of organisms actually consumed by the walrus, its foraging has a large peripheral impact on benthic communities. |
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The time taken to learn foraging skills may explain the delayed maturation in gulls. |
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The garrisons were widely spaced so their respective foraging parties would not interfere with each other's efforts. |
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There is also controversy over the use of muzzles and other inhibitors, which prevent the dolphins from foraging for food while working. |
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Despite the diversity in morphology seen between groups, improved foraging efficiency has been the main driver in their evolution. |
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These foraging trips may last anywhere between a day and two weeks, depending on the abundance of food and the distance of foraging sites. |
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On August 16, a British foraging expedition was soundly defeated at Bennington, and more than 700 troops were captured. |
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Detecting vibrations is useful when the animals are foraging and may add to or even replace vision, particularly in darkness. |
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Daily foraging schedule of field colonies of the eastern tent caterpillar Malacosoma americanum. |
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Natural history and foraging behavior of the carpenter ant Camponotus sericeiventris Guerin, 1838 in the Brazilian tropical savanna. |
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For example, both species spent less time foraging, though more time foraging cacheable diets and feeding in their insulated nest boxes. |
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Centruroides vittatus can utilize microhabitats for a refuge, foraging, or feeding. |
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Effect of physiological state of young Ceratitis capitata females on resource foraging behavior. |
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Habitats were classified following Hails and Amirrudin with separation of habitats into microhabitats dependent on foraging heights in air space. |
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We have on a number of occasions found freshly crushed Natalina shells in the over-night foraging tracks left by bushpigs. |
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Asymptotic prey profitability drives star-nosed moles to the foraging speed limit. |
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Females and calves spend about three quarters of their time foraging and a quarter of their time socializing. |
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Female praying mantids use sexual cannibalism as a foraging strategy to increase fecundity. |
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She also describes a 12-hour biological clock that enables sea lice to time their foraging with the rise and fall of the tides. |
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However, upon closer examination, they are more variable in foraging behavior, and more typically a tyrannid. |
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Its leaves have become an in-vogue ingredient in nouvelle cuisine and it fits in well with the fashion for foraging. |
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Its leaves have become an vogue ingredient in nouvelle cuisine and it fits in well with the fashion for foraging. |
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Elsewhere, the Glossy Swiftlet has also been identified as a canopy-subcanopy foraging species. |
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Parasitic flies influence foraging rhythms and caste division-of-labor in the leaf-cutter ant, Atta cephalotes. |
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The small minor workers do most of the foraging, whereas the larger major workers primarily dehusk seeds and defend the colony. |
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Normally it takes them six hours, but now we're finding they're spending as much as 16 hours a day foraging for krill. |
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Birds can damage a roof while they are foraging for grubs, and rodents are attracted by residual grain in straw. |
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Pacific green turtles' foraging habitats are poorly understood and mostly unknown. |
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An experimental test of the link between foraging, habitat selection and thermoregulation in black rat snakes Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta. |
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Nephrops norvegicus is a scavenger and predator that makes short foraging excursions, mainly during periods of subdued light. |
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Seed preferences and foraging by granivores at raccoon latrines in the transmission dynamics of the raccoon roundworm. |
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For 13 years, researchers collected data on the foraging ability of chick-rearing Adelie penguins on Ross Island, Antarctica. |
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Sea grass beds are important foraging grounds for some threatened species such as dugongs and the green turtle. |
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On poorer soil such as in uplands, animals are often kept more extensively, and may be allowed to roam widely, foraging for themselves. |
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Temporal and social aspects of the foraging ecology of a piscivore, the Osprey. |
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At that moment, the Gothic cavalry, returning from a foraging expedition, arrived to support the infantry. |
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Other destination foraging trips have been popping up around the globe. |
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Once the chick has hatched, the parents take turns foraging for their young and sometimes fly long distances before finding prey. |
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Early humans evolved from a species of foraging hominids which were already bipedal, with a brain mass approximately one third of modern humans. |
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No foraging was observed from the open capsules of some geophytes of the Negev when they terminated a dry stem which is longer than a few centimeters. |
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Solitary foraging species usually exploit coastal waters, bays and rivers. |
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As part of a study of black-backed woodpecker home range size and foraging ecology, 9 birds in Lassen National Forest were radio-tracked during the 2011 breeding season. |
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Female degus monitor their environment while foraging socially. |
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We detected army ant foraging raids by encountering army ant raid fronts, encountering columns of army ants, or observing birds active at or near ground level in the forest. |
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And phorid flies, which parasitize and kill fire ants, are now in use in the United States to reduce RIFA foraging and help control some populations. |
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Pastoralist societies have had field armed men protect their livestock and their people and then to return into a disorganized pattern of foraging. |
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In contrast, in the presence of an actively foraging predator, juveniles are highly avoidant and hide in cobble or in kelp if cobble is unavailable. |
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In the midwestern United States, they are not uncommon during winter near reservoirs and wildlife refuges that provide foraging opportunities at waterfowl concentrations. |
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American mink numbers have simultaneously decreased and this is thought to be related to the revival of otter populations, as these influence foraging and diet. |
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Later wild outmigrants in Taku Inlet also have the opportunity to develop foraging and predator-avoidance behavior in the inner inlet while few hatchery fish are present. |
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Bill dimorphism and foraging niche partitioning in the Green Woodhoopoe. |
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Residual and bait product efficacies were compared against foraging ant populations in a field test for efficacy against bigheaded ants, Pheidole megacephala. |
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If you fancy having a go at foraging or scrumping, first pick your spot. |
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Burger reasoned that a study of sanderlings and their foraging behavior in the presence of people might yield clues about their rarer cousins, the piping plovers. |
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Hares are primarily nocturnal and spend a third of their time foraging. |
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We examined the effects of mammal foraging on the availability of soil nutrients, using diggings made by the brush-tailed bettong or woylie as a model. |
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An individual tern's foraging efficiency increases with its age. |
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They cover their snouts with sponges to protect them while foraging. |
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Mothers of some species fast and nurse their young for a relatively short period of time while others take foraging trips at sea between nursing bouts. |
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This is the most important tree in wet to mesic Hawaiian forests, and EER 2008 shows that most birds use foraging substrates associated with the tree. |
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Ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream transport eel larvae from the Sargasso Sea to foraging areas in North America, Europe, and Northern Africa. |
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The major impact of the war, in which mercenary armies were extensively used, was the devastation of entire regions scavenged bare by the foraging armies. |
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An ability to hear, and presumably make, these sounds enhanced communication among hominids foraging in groups across open landscapes, the researchers propose. |
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We used Fitzpatrick's classification of tyrannid prey-capture methods to record foraging movements as aerial hawks, perch-to-ground sallies, and sally gleans. |
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In this denuded landscape, the sole survivor engages in a daily survival routine, foraging for food among cacti, sage and prickly stunted trees known as caatinga. |
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Another possible reason is for female competition during winter foraging. |
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There is an intricate link between various fishing techniques and knowledge about the fish and their behaviour including migration, foraging and habitat. |
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This allows them to take longer foraging trips, since they can come back with more food energy for their chick than a bird that can only carry one fish at a time. |
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For example, extensive shellfish aquaculture takes up valuable space used by coastal marine mammals for important activities such as breeding, foraging and resting. |
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Bipedal species have a larger field of vision than quadrupeds, conserve more energy and have the ability to manipulate objects with their hands, which aids in foraging. |
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The value of uncropped field margins for foraging bumblebees. |
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Vanderbilt University biologist Kenneth Catania and a colleague discovered this unrivaled feeding frenzy by filming the foraging moles, or Condylura cristata. |
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Microscopic algae and plants provide important habitats for life, sometimes acting as hiding places for larval forms of larger fish and foraging places for invertebrates. |
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While following a mixed-species flock foraging in pine-oak forest, we observed a strong-billed woodcreeper probing a bromeliad on a branch of an oak tree ca. |
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Yet, foraging regimes were remarkably similar everywhere, with muttonbirding prominent in every case, and sealing evident even in the subtropical archipelagos. |
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The development of behavioural modernity and sophisticated hunting and foraging methods in subsaharan Africa is thought to date from at least 50,000 years ago. |
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Common rights had included not just the right of cattle or sheep grazing, but also the grazing of geese, foraging for pigs, gleaning, berrying, and fuel gathering. |
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