| In the early 1960s, party policymakers moved beyond these built-in countercyclical effects. |
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| In effect, the total economy possesses an automatic countercyclical mechanism. |
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| We know that the share of self-employment in the economy is a countercyclical measure. |
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| Even prior to the advent of these grants, welfare's role as a countercyclical measure was waning. |
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| According to us, countercyclical investment is the way to success in difficult times. |
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| Nonetheless, the responsiveness of monetary policy, although improved, remained somewhat sluggish, which limited its countercyclical impact. |
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| So it seems natural, when addressing procyclicality, to think of countercyclical capital requirements. |
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| Long known for championing fiscal stringency, the fund has recommended that Tanzania and Mozambique consider countercyclical fiscal expansions. |
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| The government recently announced a countercyclical package to try to stimulate the economy. |
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| Governments have designed various countercyclical compensatory measures to keep up GDP growth rates in the wake of the global recession. |
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| Now, of course, liberals have always believed in Keynesian countercyclical deficit spending. |
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| Above all, however, both before and after the crisis broke out, we implemented countercyclical policies. |
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| However, she highlighted the importance of health spending as a countercyclical measure to stimulate future economic development. |
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| During these times of crisis, expenditure in health had to be seen as a countercyclical measure. |
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| While these Social Funds were often quite effective, they often took too long to establish and failed to play a truly countercyclical role in helping the poorest cope with economic adjustment. |
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| The program did help to offset the impact of the recession, but again the revenues side acted quickly to diminish the countercyclical impact of increased benefit payments. |
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| From the point of view of employment and unemployment, however, the program as a whole had a countercyclical behaviour during the last two recessions. |
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| This problem could in principle be overcome by conducting a countercyclical M1rule, albeit at the cost of increased complexity in explaining policy. |
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| In particular, it is likely that exchange rate adjustment to movements in U. S. export demand was hindered by weakly countercyclical monetary policy. |
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| These initiatives have a direct and countercyclical effect on household income, as they allow households to earn extra income during times of economic hardship. |
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| This may be the case if, for example, monetary authorities try to run countercyclical policies but take time to learn about changes in the level of potential output. |
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| The unemployment rate is countercyclical in the sense that it rises when economic growth is low and vice versa. |
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| The value of cyclical, countercyclical and noncyclical benefits has been small, compared to regular benefits, since the 1970's. Regular benefits represent about 85 percent of all benefits paid to Canadians. |
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| In particular, what is the right countercyclical approach to take to best situate the economy for future growth? In no small part, the question comes down to interpretations of charts like the one at right. |
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| A Chinese revaluation makes for cruddy American countercyclical policy. |
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| For its shortcomings relative to what ought to have been done, Mr Klein lets the Fed off with little more than a slap of the wrist. His first mistake is to undersell the Fed's role in countercyclical policy. |
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| Policymakers were fighting a fire far more intense than they recognised. Of course, the previous underuse of countercyclical policy suggests that it's more important than ever to get policy right now. |
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| In particular, countercyclical fiscal stimulus packages that seek to build broadband infrastructure can potentially foster long-term economic growth and development. |
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| The food and fuel price shocks have already imposed large fiscal costs on developing countries, undermining their ability to respond to fallout from the financial crisis through countercyclical expenditure policies. |
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| We have recently seen the State come to the rescue of the banking and manufacturing sectors as well as provide countercyclical fiscal stimulus to shore up demand in many countries. |
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| There was a growing awareness of the need for developing countries to pursue coordinated countercyclical policies in response to the financial crisis. |
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| Secondly, the proportion of the group's turnover accounted for by each of GAN's international businesses being small, the countercyclical function which these subsidiaries can perform is very limited. |
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| Presently, the public sector plays a central role in policy responses to the crisis, relying on countercyclical measures in the form of support to the public sector. |
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| The results are manifest in the large global imbalances whose disorderly unwinding in the absence of prompt countercyclical measures may aggravate the crisis. |
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| This is the conviction that economists' understanding of the business cycle is meager in light of the knowledge necessary for activist countercyclical policy to be effective. |
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