States that have codified constitutions normally give the constitution supremacy over ordinary statute law. |
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The state's original constitution is on display at the museum. |
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Each state has its own state constitution and is largely autonomous in regard to its internal organisation. |
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The eastern part was ruled by the Russian tsar as Congress Poland, which had a very liberal constitution. |
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The adoption of the constitution was treated as a threat by Poland's neighbours. |
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Ireland, as required by its constitution, was the only member state to hold referendums on the Treaty. |
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In the proposed constitution this post was called the Union Minister of Foreign Affairs. |
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Governors can exercise complete legislative and executive authority if they wish through blanket powers reserved to them in the constitution. |
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A new constitution was promulgated in October 2012 and the government was returned to local administration after the November 2012 elections. |
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McCartney, the islands adopted a constitution on 30 August 1976, which is Constitution Day, the national holiday. |
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Under the suspended 2006 constitution, the head of government was the premier, filled by the leader of the elected party. |
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An uncodified constitution has the advantages of elasticity, adaptability and resilience. |
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A country with an uncodified constitution lacks a specific moment where the principles of its government were deliberately decided. |
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When viewed as a whole system, the difference between a codified and uncodified constitution is one of degree. |
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Any codified constitution will be overlaid with supplementary legislation and customary practice after a period of time. |
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In the Autonomous Communities of Spain, the autonomy statute is a legal document similar to a state constitution in a federated state. |
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The constitution of Jordan grants its monarch the right to withhold assent to laws passed by its parliament. |
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Royal assent in the Netherlands is required, under article 87 of the Dutch constitution, for a bill to become law. |
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Instead, the constitution mandates the next person of age in the line of succession would immediately become regent. |
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Articles 41 and 68 of the constitution empower the sovereign to withhold royal assent from bills adopted by the Legislative Assembly. |
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The British system of government is based on an uncodified constitution, meaning that it is not set out in any single document. |
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A convention of the constitution, the modern Cabinet is a group of ministers who formulate policies. |
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Under their long, consistent leadership, Cabinet government became a convention of the constitution. |
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The Assembly was fully reconvened after the general elections under a slightly amended new constitution. |
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The Court took the view that the 1911 Act was a 'remodelling' of the constitution rather than a delegation of power. |
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In 1918, a new constitution was agreed, which laid out several aims of the party. |
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A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. |
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A treaty which establishes an international organization is also its constitution, in that it would define how that organization is constituted. |
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Within states, a constitution defines the principles upon which the state is based, the procedure in which laws are made and by whom. |
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The Romans first codified their constitution in 450 BC as the Twelve Tables. |
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These rules served in a very real sense as a constitution for the Ming Dynasty for the next 250 years. |
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However, Orlyk's project for an independent Ukrainian State never materialized, and his constitution, written in exile, never went into effect. |
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Apart from the Constitution Acts, 1867 to 1982, Canada's constitution also has unwritten elements based in common law and convention. |
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Most commonly, the term constitution refers to a set of rules and principles that define the nature and extent of government. |
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A codified constitution is one that is contained in a single document, which is the single source of constitutional law in a state. |
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The process by which a country adopts a constitution is closely tied to the historical and political context driving this fundamental change. |
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The country's constitution was amended to allow women to vote. |
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In addition, exceptional procedures are often required to amend a constitution. |
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A codified constitution will incorporate the rules which must be followed for the constitution itself to be changed. |
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In the UK, for example laws which modify written or unwritten provisions of the constitution are passed on a simple majority in Parliament. |
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An example of absolute unmodifiability is found in the German constitution. |
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In a unitary state, sovereignty resides in the state itself, and the constitution determines this. |
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A constitution may change from being real to a facade and back again as democratic and autocratic governments succeed each other. |
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In the absence of a written constitution, it is a matter for the common law to make this determination. |
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The Northern Ireland Act 1998 functions as a constitution for Northern Ireland as indicated in the Robinson case. |
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The GDR joined with the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 October 1990, upon which the GDR's constitution and armed forces were abolished. |
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In 2003, Qatar adopted a constitution that provided for the direct election of 30 of the 45 members of the Legislative Council. |
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The country's constitution establishes a representative democracy as the political system. |
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Kosovo's formal autonomy, established under the 1945 Yugoslav constitution, initially meant relatively little in practice. |
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In 1974 Kosovo's political status improved further when a new Yugoslav constitution granted an expanded set of political rights. |
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In 1994, Argentina's claim to the territories was added to its constitution. |
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An Indian court clarified that Hindi is not the national language of India because the constitution does not mention it as such. |
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Tamil is the official language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and one of the 22 languages under schedule 8 of the constitution of India. |
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The Church in Wales adopted a written constitution and elected a Governing Body which initially met once a year, but now meets twice annually. |
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Its constitution formally came into force on the first World Health Day on 7 April 1948, when it was ratified by the 26th member state. |
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The charter normally confers a constitution with perpetual succession and the right to sue or be sued independently of the members. |
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They hoped that this document would be signed like a referendum so that it would become a written constitution for the Commonwealth of England. |
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A classical liberal, he took part in agitation for a constitution and reforms in Prussia, then governed by an absolute monarchy. |
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This would mean the loss of the special status of the Home Nations, established under FIFA's constitution. |
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Laws governing the relationship between federal and regional powers can be amended through the federal constitution and state constitutions. |
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Kuwait was the first of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf to establish a constitution and parliament. |
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According to the constitution, at least one minister has to be an elected MP from the parliament. |
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According to the constitution, all natural resources in the country are state property. |
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The new constitution was backed by the Shia and Kurdish communities, but was rejected by Arab Sunnis. |
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Furthermore, Kurdish is now an official language of Iraq alongside Arabic according to Article 4 of the constitution. |
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There is debate, however, as to how much of the power guaranteed in the constitution is actually given to the states. |
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Its constitution provides for the fundamental rights and freedoms for women. |
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Within this administrative framework a new provisional constitution was passed in August 2012, which reformed Somalia as a federation. |
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A new constitution was promulgated in 1979 under which elections for a People's Assembly were held. |
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In 2005, Kenyans rejected a plan to replace the 1963 independence constitution with a new one. |
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The constitution explicitly prohibits the enactment of noble privileges, titles, and ranks. |
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The constitution stipulates that at least two members of the government be chosen from each of the two regions. |
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The State Court rules on the conformity of laws with the constitution and has five members elected by parliament. |
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Once the state's Constitutional Convention had finalized its state constitution, it applied to the US Congress for admission to statehood. |
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In 1819 Buenos Aires enacted a centralist constitution that was soon abrogated by federalists. |
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In 1826 Buenos Aires enacted another centralist constitution, with Bernardino Rivadavia being appointed as the first president of the country. |
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However, the interior provinces soon rose against him, forced his resignation and discarded the constitution. |
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The ratification of the first constitution in 1824 led to the formation of a bicameral legislature, now called the National Congress. |
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Brazil's current constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a democratic federal republic. |
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Our constitution had begun to exist in times when statesmen were not much accustomed to frame exact definitions. |
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The fifth amendment to the United States constitution provides explicitly for the protection of private property. |
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The British constitution would develop on the basis of constitutional monarchy and the parliamentary system. |
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The UK does not have a codified constitution and constitutional matters are not among the powers devolved to Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland. |
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The division of jurisdiction between the federal and provincial Parliaments is specified in the Canadian constitution. |
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It is based on the constitution and federal statutory Criminal Code, as interpreted by the Supreme Court of Canada. |
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Its position was formed through constitutional convention, making its status as de facto capital a part of the UK's unwritten constitution. |
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The same year, the Irish constitution of 1782 produced a period of legislative freedom. |
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In 1937 he drafted a new constitution, which was passed by a referendum in July of that year. |
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Upon their return, Pompey and Crassus found the populares party fiercely attacking Sulla's constitution. |
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If both Pompey and Crassus were elected consul in 70 BC, they would dismantle the more obnoxious components of Sulla's constitution. |
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The two were soon elected, and quickly dismantled most of Sulla's constitution. |
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They held powers that were nearly identical to the powers that Caesar had held under his constitution. |
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Concepts that originated in the Roman constitution live on in constitutions to this day. |
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Its constitution was largely unwritten, and was constantly evolving throughout the life of the Republic. |
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Throughout the 1st century BC, the power and legitimacy of the Roman constitution was progressively eroding. |
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The belief in a surviving constitution lasted well into the life of the Roman Empire. |
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Under this arrangement, Norway kept its liberal constitution and its own independent institutions, except for the foreign service. |
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He protected the constitution and liberties of Norway and Sweden during the age of Metternich. |
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Others have viewed William as an enemy of the English constitution, or alternatively as its creator. |
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Under this new constitution, monarchical absolutism was replaced by parliamentary supremacy. |
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Sharp regarded Magna Carta as a fundamental part of the constitution, and maintained that it would be treason to repeal any part of it. |
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That every thing has a real constitution, whereby it is what it is, and on which its sensible qualities depend, is past doubt. |
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After the dissolution of the Rump, power passed temporarily to a council that debated what form the constitution should take. |
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In Sweden a similar ceremony as the British was held until 1974, when the constitution was changed. |
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The same year, the Canadian government severed its last legal link with Britain by patriating the Canadian constitution from Britain. |
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The 1982 Canada Act passed by the British parliament ended the need for British involvement in changes to the Canadian constitution. |
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The National Constituent Assembly functioned not only as a legislature, but also as a body to draft a new constitution. |
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However, by the terms of the Tennis Court Oath, the communes had bound themselves to meet continuously until France had a constitution. |
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A French plebiscite ratified the document, with about 1,057,000 votes for the constitution and 49,000 against. |
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The constitution preserved the appearance of a republic but in reality established a dictatorship. |
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He believed that a Bourbon restoration would be more difficult if his family's succession was entrenched in the constitution. |
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On October 27, 1946 France adopted a new constitution creating the Fourth Republic, and substituted the French Union for the colonial empire. |
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The constitution of the United Kingdom is uncodified, being made up of constitutional conventions, statutes and other elements such as EU law. |
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A subdivision of a state is either a devolution of that state or not depending on its status under that state's constitution. |
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Traditionally the Conservative Party have been defenders of Britain's unwritten constitution and system of government. |
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By 1900, two years after the new constitution, only 5,320 black voters were registered in the state. |
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The Irish county councils differed in constitution from those in Great Britain. |
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A constitution set a series of checks and balances, and a separation of powers. |
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The constitution of Pakistan requires the state to provide free primary and secondary education. |
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Larma protested the lack of recognition for indigenous Chittagong Hill Tracts minorities in the new constitution. |
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Prime Minister Zia was forced to implement the caretaker government provision in the constitution in 1996 by the opposition. |
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By the bull Quorundam exigit he modified several provisions of the constitution Exivi, and required the formal submission of the Spirituals. |
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Then will not this constitution be a kind of mean between aristocracy and oligarchy? |
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At some point, the Queen remarked that the Hall reminded her of the British constitution. |
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It became easier to lend objects, the constitution of the Board of Trustees changed and the Natural History Museum became fully independent. |
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Changes in the chemical constitution of a mesomorphic compound may therefore radically alter the mesomorphic properties and thermal stabilities. |
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The Kenyan constitution requires that one renounce their Kenyan citizenship when they become a citizen of another nation. |
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Davies was not a member of the LPGA Tour, so the LPGA changed its constitution to grant Davies automatic membership. |
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This is the origin of the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty and is usually seen as the fundamental principle of the British constitution. |
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The debate on a new delimitation of the German territory started in 1919 as part of discussions about the new constitution. |
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The constitution was signed by the President of South Sudan on Independence Day and thereby came into force. |
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The constitution also provides for an independent judiciary, the highest organ being the Supreme Court. |
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Aruba, with its own constitution, is a representative parliamentary democracy organised as a unitary state. |
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In these cases the Netherlands acts alone, according to its constitution and in its capacity as the Kingdom of the Netherlands. |
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Although the constitution established the office of President of Ireland, the question over whether Ireland was a republic remained open. |
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Ireland has a common law legal system with a written constitution that provides for a parliamentary democracy. |
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The grant of seigneurship from Elizabeth I of England in 1565 forms the basis of Sark's constitution today. |
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The Irish government amended the Irish act in 1933, and the 1937 constitution repealed the entire Free State constitution. |
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The Irish Supreme Court has taken the view that the Free State constitution was enacted by the Irish Act, not by the subsequent UK Act. |
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Patriation removed the role of the British parliament from the Canadian constitution, but the monarchy was retained. |
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It was staged with the aim of creating a fully independent Ireland as a state with a republican constitution. |
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To unionists in Northern Ireland, the 1937 constitution made the ending of partition even less desirable than before. |
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The constitution of the United Kingdom is the sum of laws and principles that make up the body politic of the United Kingdom. |
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Instead the constitution is found within a variety of written and some unwritten sources. |
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It follows that Parliament can change the constitution simply by passing new statutes through Acts of Parliament. |
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Acts of Parliament are among the most important sources of the constitution. |
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Works of authority is the formal name for works that are sometimes cited as interpretations of aspects of the UK constitution. |
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The rule of law was AV Dicey's second core principle of the UK constitution. |
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Under the British constitution, sweeping executive powers, known as the royal prerogative, are nominally vested in the monarch. |
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Proponents of a codified constitution argue it would strengthen the legal protection of democracy and freedom. |
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George Washington, who had led the revolutionary army to victory, was the first president elected under the new constitution. |
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The Empire's constitution was based on two houses of Parliament, the Bundesrat and the Reichstag. |
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The Ottoman constitution of 1876 did officially cement the official imperial status of Turkish. |
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In 1972 it adopted a republican constitution to become the Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka. |
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By a new constitution in 1978, it became the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. |
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Unfortunately, the people who are voting democrat do not care about the constitution in any area where it limits their grand vision of Ameritopia. |
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The Dutch constitution guarantees freedom of education, which means that all schools that adhere to general quality criteria receive the same government funding. |
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This constitution in former days used to be the envy of the world. |
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It was a victory that led the LPGA to amend its constitution. |
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The SRC subsequently renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic, dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Court, and suspended the constitution. |
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Its name was Saint Helena and Dependencies until 1 September 2009, when a new constitution came into force giving the three islands equal status within the territory. |
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Since today's Germany was formed from an earlier collection of several states, it has a federal constitution, and the constituent states retain a measure of sovereignty. |
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Although raising Ascension and Tristan da Cunha to equal status with Saint Helena, the constitution is divided into three chapters, one for each part of the territory. |
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On October 27, 1956, the Saar Treaty established that Saarland should be allowed to join Germany, as provided by the Grundgesetz constitution art. |
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In 1818, Prince Johann I granted the territory a limited constitution. |
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A constitutional violation is an action or legislative act that is judged by a constitutional court to be contrary to the constitution, that is, unconstitutional. |
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Under the new constitution the Irish state was named Ireland. |
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These included a functioning, if disputed, parliamentary democracy with its own executive, judiciary and written constitution which could be changed by the Oireachtas. |
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The oath was abolished and in 1937 a new constitution was adopted. |
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Later, the term was widely used in canon law for an important determination, especially a decree issued by the Pope, now referred to as an apostolic constitution. |
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The terms of the election are specified in the constitution. |
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In 1946, the EFOs became an overseas territory under the constitution of the French Fourth Republic, and Polynesians were granted the right to vote through citizenship. |
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The maximum term is 5 years by law, though the constitution allows seven. |
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The structural history of the Roman military describes the major chronological transformations in the organisation and constitution of the Roman armed forces. |
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The political system of the principate, which had retained some features of the republican constitution, began to transform itself into the absolute monarchy of the dominate. |
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Under an initiative originally started in 1999, the Government of Gibraltar together with opposition parties negotiated a new constitution for Gibraltar. |
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The constitution of the Roman Republic was not formal or even official. |
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The British Government compromised recognising its commitment in the 1969 constitution that it would not negotiate with Spain without the consent of people of Gibraltar. |
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An example of constitutional violation by the executive could be a public office holder who acts outside the powers granted to that office by a constitution. |
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Governments of the Bailiwicks have generally tried to avoid testing the limits of the unwritten constitution by avoiding conflict with British governments. |
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Unlike a codified constitution, there are no special procedures for making a constitutional law and it will not be inherently superior to other legislation. |
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In other countries, a written constitution often binds the parliament to act in a certain way, but there is no such written constitution in the United Kingdom. |
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According to Article 3, subsection 3 of the South African constitution, national legislation must provide for the acquisition, loss and restoration of citizenship. |
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The Instrument of Government was replaced in May 1657 by England's second, and last, codified constitution, the Humble Petition and Advice, proposed by Sir Christopher Packe. |
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Governments of the Bailiwick have generally tried to avoid testing the limits of the unwritten constitution by avoiding conflict with British governments. |
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From 1969 to 1971, state legislators under Governor Mills Godwin rewrote the constitution, after goals such as the repeal of Jim Crow laws had been achieved. |
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The former Premier Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke resigned the month before following a protracted dispute with President Sharif over a proposed draft constitution. |
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Despite its unpopularity, the Rump was a link with the old constitution, and helped to settle England down and make it secure after the biggest upheaval in its history. |
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Cromwell saw Barebone's Parliament as a temporary legislative body which he hoped would produce reforms and develop a constitution for the Commonwealth. |
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The central source of law that is recognized as authoritative is codifications in a constitution or statute passed by legislature, to amend a code. |
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Under the Protectorate's constitution, Oliver Cromwell was required to nominate a successor, and from 1657 he involved Richard much more heavily in the politics of the regime. |
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In contrast, in constitutional monarchies, the head of state's authority derives from and is legally bounded or restricted by a constitution or legislature. |
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In Poland, the model constitution of 1791 expressed Enlightenment ideals, but was in effect for only one year before the nation was partitioned among its neighbors. |
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The Irish Free State distanced itself further from the British state with the introduction of a new constitution in 1937, making it a republic in all but name. |
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Unlike the uncodified British constitution, most countries that use the Westminster system have codified the system, at least in part, in a written constitution. |
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A recent example when the equivalent of the royal assent was refused was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of the Chief Pleas of Sark. |
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In both cases, however, the process of royal assent is usually a formality, whether by constitutional convention or by an explicit provision of the constitution. |
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Dicey in his 1885 work, Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution, which is recognized as a work of authority on the constitution by the British Parliament. |
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Meanwhile, the Assembly continued to work on developing a constitution. |
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Brownson argued that it is not ratification alone that makes a written constitution of government legitimate, but that it must also be competently designed and applied. |
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The Prince threatened that if the constitution failed, he would, among other things, convert some of the royal property for commercial use and move to Austria. |
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Here Burns grew up in poverty and hardship, and the severe manual labour of the farm left its traces in a premature stoop and a weakened constitution. |
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A civilian government was formed, and on July 20, 1961, through a popular referendum, a new constitution that had first been drafted the year before was ratified. |
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This does not and cannot mean blanket bans on particular patients such as smokers getting operations, which would be inconsistent with the NHS constitution. |
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But we now have a body of evidence showing that, with resources available, the NHS can no longer deliver what the NHS constitution requires of it. |
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The Commonwealth's longest suspension came to an end on 22 May 2004, when Pakistan's suspension was lifted following the restoration of the country's constitution. |
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Commonwealth membership was held to have lapsed until 1997, after discriminatory provisions in the republican constitution were repealed and reapplication for membership made. |
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The constitution assigns extensive power to regional states, which can establish their own government and democracy according to the federal government's constitution. |
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Opponents of a codified constitution argue that the country is not based on a founding document that tells its citizens who they are and what they can do. |
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His influence on the development of the uncodified constitution of Great Britain was less momentous even though he is regarded as Great Britain's first Prime Minister. |
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By 1982, the National Executive Committee had concluded that the entryist Militant tendency group were in contravention of the party's constitution. |
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The Young Greens have their own constitution, national committee, campaigns and meetings, and have become an active presence at Green Party Conferences and election campaigns. |
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The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, adopted in 1781, were felt to have provided inadequate federal powers. |
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The relationships between the Prime Minister and the Sovereign, Parliament and Cabinet are defined largely by these unwritten conventions of the constitution. |
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The exception is that some provinces in Canada disallow the right to bypass queuing unless the matter is one in which the rights of the person under the constitution. |
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Known collectively as the Revolutionary Settlement, these acts transformed the constitution, shifting the balance of power from the Sovereign to Parliament. |
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The image of a free constitution was preserved with decent reverence. |
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Into their place stepped free competition, accompanied by a social and political constitution adapted in it, and the economic and political sway of the bourgeois class. |
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Canada's constitution consists of almost 30 different statutes. |
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Their detachment from the electoral process and the selection of the Prime Minister has been a convention of the constitution for almost 200 years. |
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Secularism in Bangladesh is legally enshrined in the constitution. |
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In 1882 the King's College London Act amended the constitution. |
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New Zealand adopted the Statute of Westminster in 1947 and in the same year legislation passed in London gave New Zealand full powers to amend its own constitution. |
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For that, the government must be set up according to a constitution of government that is consistent with the superior unwritten constitutions of nature and society. |
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Baptist theologian Roger Williams founded the colony Rhode Island in 1636, where he combined a democratic constitution with unlimited religious freedom. |
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The Revolution was made to preserve our antient indisputable laws and liberties, and that antient constitution of government which is our only security for law and liberty. |
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When Parliament was debating the Quebec Bill for a constitution for Canada, Fox praised the revolution and criticised some of Burke's arguments, such as hereditary power. |
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The Great Parliament is elected when a new constitution is needed. |
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Under the new constitution and with President Kibaki prohibited by term limits from running for a third term, Deputy Prime Minister Uhuru Kenyatta ran for office. |
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He gave them extended horizons and some of his achievements with the orchestra, both at home and abroad, gave them quite a different constitution. |
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The Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 are two Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which form part of the constitution of the United Kingdom. |
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In 1874, Denmark granted Iceland a constitution and limited home rule. |
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