| P values are from logistic regression, adjusting for confounders and taking account of dependence between related individuals. |
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| Consideration of potential confounders, measures to prevent bias, and appropriate statistical analysis were mostly lacking. |
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| We investigated these and other measures of body habitus as potential confounders. |
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| Some reported both unadjusted analyses and analyses adjusted for covariates, which appropriately informs readers of the role confounders had. |
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| A large longitudinal study that adequately controls for the main confounders and other background socioeconomic variables is required to clarify the ongoing controversy. |
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| A wide variety of household factors were taken into consideration as potential confounders. |
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| These differences may act as confounders in the analysis of pregnancy outcome. |
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| The papers reviewed have a general problem of controlling for potential confounders in comparing population outcomes. |
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| Other potential confounders examined included education, body mass index, age at menarche, hormone replacement therapy, parity, and use of multivitamins. |
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| Variations in techniques and expertise among studies may be important confounders. |
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| That means these markers may be less muddied by confounders than other factors tied to aging. |
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| I was analysing before describing, looking for confounders before having established associations. |
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| The authors accounted for these differences and adjusted for other potential confounders, but there could be others that weren't measured. |
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| Weaknesses of this study include an inability to control for possible confounders, such as major trauma and obesity. |
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| Randomized controlled trials have the greatest ability to control for confounders or bias. |
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| Important confounders can produce strong associations if not controlled for. |
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| Randomization is the only method of assignment that controls for unknown and unmeasured confounders as well as for those that are known and measured. |
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| These confounders may influence the results of a particular study or may introduce alternative or competing explanations that may not be considered. |
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| If patients who died or dropped out adequately controlled so that any differences seen of the study are excluded from the analysis, there are due to the confounders not the new drug. may be a bias towards greater efficacy. |
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| The risk remained insignificant when adjusted for multiple confounders, including menopausal status, and there was no difference when the results were examined in 10-year age groups. |
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| These studies uniformly met quality criteria of adjustment for potential confounders, in particular, patient severity of illness or surrogate markers of severity of illness, and complete accounting of deaths. |
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| They report a lead-associated increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure after adjustment for confounders. |
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| As well, lack of adequate statistical measures, inadequate controlling for confounders and lack of adjustment for multiple comparisons made comparisons between studies difficult. |
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| Study participants or investigators are not discussed? and are the confounders accounted for? blinded, leading to possible bias in interpreting the results. |
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| After adjustment for 39 potential confounders, including concurrent aspirin use, the NSAID that emerged as having the greatest MI risk was indomethacin. |
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