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Sentence Examples The application of a multivocal approach to Roman archaeology represents a particular challenge. The only accession that the Roman empire received was the province of Britain. Modified versions of Roman garden designs were adopted in Roman settlements in Africa, Gaul, and Britannia. He was born at Lugdunum in Gaul, the first Roman Emperor to be born outside Italy. Caractacus lived out his days on land provided by the Roman state, an unusual end for an enemy commander. He had helped increase this number through the foundation of Roman colonies that were granted blanket citizenship. These colonies were often made out of existing communities, especially those with elites who could rally the populace to the Roman cause. Several colonies were placed in new provinces or on the border of the Empire to secure Roman holdings as quickly as possible. He freed the island of Rhodes from Roman rule for their good faith and exempted Troy from taxes. A horreum was a type of public warehouse used during the ancient Roman period. One of Claudius's investigators discovered that many old Roman citizens based in the modern city of Trento were not in fact citizens. Similarly, any freedmen found to be laying false claim to membership of the Roman equestrian order were sold back into slavery. The port at Ostia was part of Claudius' solution to the constant grain shortages that occurred in winter, after the Roman shipping season. Claudius was concerned with the spread of eastern mysteries within the city and searched for more Roman replacements. He was especially hard on Druidism, because of its incompatibility with the Roman state religion and its proselytizing activities. In literature, Claudius and his contemporaries appear in the historical novel The Roman by Mika Waltari. Great Britain had already frequently been the target of invasions, planned and actual, by forces of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire. Richborough has a large natural harbour which would have been suitable, and archaeology shows Roman military occupation at about the right time. They were pursued by the Romans across the river causing some Roman losses in the marshes of Essex. It is more likely that the border between Roman and Iron Age Britain was less direct and more mutable during this period however. Show More Sentences Caratacus himself was defeated in the Battle of Caer Caradoc and fled to the Roman client tribe of the Brigantes who occupied the Pennines. Following the successful suppression of Boudica's uprising, a number of new Roman governors continued the conquest by edging north. Cartimandua was forced to ask for Roman aid following a rebellion by her husband Venutius. Frontinus was sent into Roman Britain in 74 AD to succeed Quintus Petillius Cerialis as governor of that island. The first to be dealt with were the Ordovices of north Wales, who had destroyed a cavalry ala of Roman auxiliaries stationed in their territory. Prior to his recall in 84, Agricola built a network of military roads and forts to secure the Roman occupation. Roman troops, however, penetrated far into the north of modern Scotland several more times. After the initial invasions, Roman historians generally only mention Britain in passing. However this is not certain because the Roman army was flexible, with units being moved around whenever necessary. During this time, the Emperor Nero considered withdrawing Roman forces from Britain altogether. Frontinus extended Roman rule to all of South Wales, and initiated exploitation of the mineral resources, such as the gold mines at Dolaucothi. In the following years, the Romans conquered more of the island, increasing the size of Roman Britain. For much of the history of Roman Britain, a large number of soldiers were garrisoned on the island. During the middle of the 3rd century, the Roman Empire was convulsed by barbarian invasions, rebellions and new imperial pretenders. By 407 there were no new Roman coins going into circulation, and by 430 it is likely that coinage as a medium of exchange had been abandoned. During the Late Roman period it is likely that the shore forts played some role in continental trade alongside their defensive functions. Colchester was probably the earliest capital of Roman Britain, but it was soon eclipsed by London with its strong mercantile connections. Worship of the Roman emperor is widely recorded, especially at military sites. The founding of a Roman temple to Claudius at Camulodunum was one of the impositions that led to the revolt of Boudica. By the 3rd century, Pagans Hill Roman Temple in Somerset was able to exist peaceably and it did so into the 5th century. Show More Sentences The Catuvellauni were a Celtic tribe or state of southeastern Britain before the Roman conquest, attested by inscriptions into the 4th century. Archaeology indicates increased trading and diplomatic links with the Roman Empire. The territories of the Catuvellauni became the nucleus of the new Roman province. Before the Roman invasion Caratacus is associated with the expansion of his tribe's territory. His apparent success led to Roman invasion, nominally in support of his defeated enemies. Their stronghold of Camulodunon was converted into the first Roman colonia in Britain, Colonia Victricensis. The Roman inhabitants sought reinforcements from the procurator, Catus Decianus, but he sent only two hundred auxiliary troops. The Roman soldiers, who had now used up their pila, were then able to engage Boudica's second wave in the open. Boudica's uprising seriously endangered Roman rule in Britain and resulted in the burning of Londinium and other cities. The Romans finally crushed the rebellion, and the Iceni were increasingly incorporated into the Roman province. Davies and Tony Gregory conducted archaeological surveys of Roman coins that appeared during the period of Roman occupation of Norfolk. Their study showed that the bulk of the coins circulating before AD 60 was Icenian rather than Roman. The Iceni are recorded as a civitas of Roman Britain in Ptolemy's Geographia, which names Venta Icenorum as a town of theirs. While some kingdoms were defeated militarily and occupied, others remained nominally independent as allies of the Roman empire. Their king, Prasutagus, secured his independence by leaving his lands jointly to his daughters and to the Roman emperor, Nero, in his will. Roman financiers called in their loans, which must have placed an increased burden of taxation on the Iceni. Londinium, too, was burnt to the ground and the Roman historian Tacitus claims every inhabitant who could not get away was killed. The gorge protected the Roman flanks from attack, whilst the forest would impede approach from the rear. At approximately forty yards, their advance was staggered by a volley of Roman pila, the Roman javelin. The Roman cavalry also attacked the Britons from the flanks as the Roman infantry advanced. Show More Sentences The historical importance of Roman law is reflected by the continued use of Latin legal terminology in many legal systems influenced by it. After the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire, the Roman law remained in effect in the Eastern Roman Empire. Roman law also denotes the legal system applied in most of Western Europe until the end of the 18th century. It is believed that Roman Law is rooted in the Etruscan religion, emphasising ritual. Furthermore, the question on the Greek influence found in the early Roman Law is still much discussed. Many scholars consider it unlikely that the patricians sent an official delegation to Greece, as the Roman historians believed. Traditionally, the origins of Roman legal science are connected to Gnaeus Flavius. The law of this period is often referred to as the classical period of Roman law. The literary and practical achievements of the jurists of this period gave Roman law its unique shape. Concepts that originated in the Roman constitution live on in constitutions to this day. Throughout the 1st century BC, the power and legitimacy of the Roman constitution was progressively eroding. Even Roman constitutionalists, such as the senator Cicero, lost a willingness to remain faithful to it towards the end of the republic. The belief in a surviving constitution lasted well into the life of the Roman Empire. Rei vindicatio was derived from the ius civile, therefore was only available to Roman citizens. Law codes were issued by the Germanic kings, however, the influence of early Eastern Roman codes on some of these is quite discernible. From that time, scholars began to study the ancient Roman legal texts, and to teach others what they learned from their studies. There have been several reasons why Roman law was favored in the Middle Ages. By the middle of the 16th century, the rediscovered Roman law dominated the legal practice of many European countries. A legal system, in which Roman law was mixed with elements of canon law and of Germanic custom, especially feudal law, had emerged. Only England and the Nordic countries did not take part in the wholesale reception of Roman law. Show More Sentences One reason for this is that the English legal system was more developed than its continental counterparts by the time Roman law was rediscovered. Therefore, the practical advantages of Roman law were less obvious to English practitioners than to continental lawyers. In addition, some concepts from Roman law made their way into the common law. The practical application of Roman law and the era of the European Ius Commune came to an end, when national codifications were made. Rather, the provisions of Roman law were fitted into a more coherent system and expressed in the national language. For this reason, knowledge of Roman law is indispensable to understand the legal systems of today. Thus, Roman law is often still a mandatory subject for law students in civil law jurisdictions. Roman builders employed Greeks in many capacities, especially in the great boom in construction in the early Empire. Domes were introduced in a number of Roman building types such as temples, thermae, palaces, mausolea and later also churches. In the East, Byzantine architecture developed new styles of churches, but most other buildings remained very close to Late Roman forms. In Europe the Italian Renaissance saw a conscious revival of correct classical styles, initially purely based on Roman examples. Roman brick was almost invariably of a lesser height than modern brick, but was made in a variety of different shapes and sizes. Concrete is arguably the Roman contribution most relevant to modern architecture. Each square marked off by four roads was called an insula, the Roman equivalent of a modern city block. Most insulae were given to the first settlers of a Roman city, but each person had to pay to construct his own house. The Roman basilica was a large public building where business or legal matters could be transacted. Much the best known example is the Roman Forum, the earliest of several in Rome. Insulae have been the subject of great debate for historians of Roman culture, defining the various meanings of the word. All Roman cities had at least one Thermae, a popular facility for public bathing, exercising and socializing. Bathing was an important part of the Roman day, where some hours might be spent, at a very low cost subsidized by the government. Show More Sentences Roman temples were among the most important and richest buildings in Roman culture, though only a few survive in any sort of complete state. The form of the Roman temple was mainly derived from the Etruscan model, but using Greek styles. Roman theatres were built in all areas of the empire from Spain, to the Middle East. Because of the Romans' ability to influence local architecture, we see numerous theatres around the world with uniquely Roman attributes. The Roman theatre also had a podium, which sometimes supported the columns of the scaenae frons. A Roman villa was a country house built for the upper class, while a domus was a wealthy family's house in a town. Roman gardens were influenced by Egyptian, Persian, and Greek gardening techniques. Excavations in Pompeii show that gardens attaching to residences were scaled down to meet the space constraints of the home of the average Roman. The version of early Roman history which was accredited in the fifth century. If you know where to look in the movie, you can spot an anachronistic wrist watch on one of the Roman soldiers. An atheocracy of the Marxian type is as intolerant of liberty of thought as any Holy Roman Empire or Bible-ridden company of Puritans. His life is almost co-extensive with one of the most disastrous periods in Roman history. Perhaps no classical Roman ruin evokes the excesses of the late Empire like the Colosseum. The Colosseum in Rome was the empire's greatest amphitheater. A marvel of Roman engineering, the Colosseum could hold up to 70,000 spectators. Among those rare exceptions, fortunately, was that coryphaeus of modern thought in the humanities, Professor Roman Jakobson. Those Roman knights were so called, if they could dispend per annum so much. Many economic and political reasons led to the downfall of the Roman Empire. Emolliated by four centuries of Roman domination, the Belgic colonies had forgotten their pristine valour. Roman and medieval football matches were more violent than any modern type of football. With the arrival of Roman culture in the 1st century, various forms of art utilising statues, busts, glasswork and mosaics were the norm. Show More Sentences Britannia is a national personification of the United Kingdom, originating from Roman Britain. Roman invasions and occupations of southern Scotland were a series of brief interludes. Three years after the battle, the Roman armies had withdrawn to the Southern Uplands. Both Caerwent and Carmarthen, also in southern Wales, became Roman civitates. A brisk and regular trade began between ports in Roman Gaul and those in Britain. The Roman historian Suetonius mentions that the island was captured by the commander Vespasian. Archaeologists are unable to make definitive judgments which accord the observations of the Roman writer Tacitus. Their further incursions into Roman Italy were thrust back in 101 BCE at Vercellae by the Roman army. Roman expansion along the Rhine and Danube rivers resulted in the incorporation of many indigenous Celtic societies into the Roman Empire. Lands to the north and east of the Rhine emerge in the Roman records under the name Germania. Occupying Germany had proven too costly and with it, ended 28 years of Roman campaigning across the North European plains. Maximin was himself not Roman but was ethnically the child of a Germanic Alan and a Goth. Around AD 238, the Goths make their first clear impact on Roman history, having moved from the Baltic sea to the area of the modern Ukraine. And sometime in AD 251, they defeated a Roman army in the Balkans, killing the emperor Decius in the process. Late in AD 367, the Roman garrisons in Britannia collapsed as the Germanic barbarians poured into the region from all directions. During the fourth and fifth centuries AD Roman emperors did their best to stave off the advance of the Germanic tribes. For the next couple hundred years, the restless Goths were a menace to the Roman Empire. The arrival of the nomadic Huns along the Black Sea corridor in AD 375 further accelerated the Goth's exodus across the Roman border. Some of the Germanic tribes are frequently credited in popular depictions of the decline of the Roman Empire in the late 5th century. The Rhine and Danube provided the bulk of geographic separation for the Roman limes. Show More Sentences Furthermore Roman civilitas was an attractive goal for every individual wishing to succeed in his social advancement. Under the Ostrogoths a considerable degree of Roman and Germanic cultural and political fusion was achieved. Common elements of Germanic society can be deduced both from Roman historiography and comparative evidence from the Early Medieval period. Then in AD 476, the last Roman emperor was deposed by a German chieftain, an event which effectively ended Roman predominance in western Europe. Caesar provided his Germanic armies with Roman mounts to enable them greater mobility and to enhance their fighting efficiency. The great majority of literary works in Old English that survive to today are written in the Roman alphabet. Strabo, writing in the Roman era, clearly distinguished between the Celts and Britons. Roman Dutch Common law is a bijuridical or mixed system of law similar to the common law system in Scotland and Louisiana. Roman Dutch common law is a development of Roman Dutch law by courts in the Roman Dutch common law jurisdictions. Farming, and in particular sheep farming, has been the major industry in the region since Roman times. Archaeological research shows that this involved abandonment of Lundenwic and a revival of life and trade within the old Roman walls. Fragments of this early language are seen in the inscriptions and place names of the Roman era. During the two years before the death of Emperor Septimius Severus, the Roman Empire was run from Eboracum by him. In the early 5th century, the Roman rule ceased with the withdrawal of the last active Roman troops. The discipline and organization of a Roman legion made it a superb fighting unit. Other peoples had been in prolonged contact with the Roman civilization, and were, to a certain degree, romanized. Roman culture north of the Po River was almost entirely displaced by the migrations. Even before the 8th century was out, the Farmer's Law signalled the resurrection of agricultural technologies in the Roman Empire. With the end of the Western Roman Empire and with urban centers in decline, literacy and learning decreased in the West. Advanced scientific research and teaching was mainly carried on in the Hellenistic side of the Roman empire, and in Greek. Show More Sentences Late Roman attempts to translate Greek writings into Latin had limited success. At the end of the 8th century, the former Western Roman Empire was decentralized and overwhelmingly rural. At the time of the Roman Empire, the Baltic Sea was known as the Mare Suebicum or Mare Sarmaticum. Eventually, Northumbria was persuaded to move to the Roman practice and the Celtic Bishop Colman of Lindisfarne returned to Iona. Superb Roman remains, Georgian architecture and countless museums justify Bath's position as a tourist honeypot. It is likely to be early work, indebted to the author's rhetorical training, since its style imitates that of the foremost Roman orator Cicero. All of these traits were highlighted perhaps because of their similarity to idealized Roman virtues. Through the power of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language, initially in Italy and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. Roman engineering had the same effect on scientific terminology as a whole. The earliest known form of Latin is Old Latin, which was spoken from the Roman Kingdom to the middle of the Roman Republic period. It became useful for international communication between the member states of the Holy Roman Empire and its allies. Today, the numbers can be written with the Arabic numbers as well as with Roman numerals. A Saxon king named Eadwacer conquered Angers in 463 only to be dislodged by Childeric I and the Salian Franks, allies of the Roman Empire. Some Saxons already lived along the Saxon shore of Gaul as Roman foederati. There, archeologists excavated a large cemetery with tombs dating from the Roman Empire until the 6th century. Before the end of Roman rule in Britannia, many Saxons and other folk had been permitted to settle in these areas as farmers. The relationship between the Roman Empire and the kingdoms of ancient Ireland is unclear. However, a number of finds of Roman coins have been made, for example at the Iron Age settlement of Freestone Hill near Gowran and Newgrange. In the schools of art, philosophy and rhetoric, the foundations of education were transmitted throughout the lands of Greek and Roman rule. For example, several hundred papyrus volumes found in a Roman villa at Herculaneum are in Greek. Show More Sentences However, its boundaries agree quite well with limits of the Romanised part of Roman Britain. The Dumnonii had made their peace with Rome early, and there are no indications that the Roman army campaigned against them. The Roman geographers and other prose writers from the time of the late Roman Republic called the entire peninsula Hispania. Hispania supplied the Roman Empire with silver, food, olive oil, wine, and metal. By the Iron Age, the site had been effectively abandoned, with some evidence of human activity on the site during the Roman occupation. Many of the most famous Greek bronze sculptures are known through Roman copies in marble, which were more likely to survive. In Europe, the Etruscans were making bronze mirrors in the sixth century BCE, and Greek and Roman mirrors followed the same pattern. The first indisputable appearance after the Roman period is from 643, in a northern Italian document. Large scale Roman agriculture replaced them in lowland Britain and they are more common in less accessible regions such as the West Country. The Romanised culture is termed Roman Britain and is considered to supplant the British Iron Age. The end of the Iron Age extends into the very early Roman Empire under the theory that Romanisation required some time to take effect. Claudius Ptolemy described Britain at the beginning of Roman rule but incorporated material from earlier sources. Historically speaking, the Iron Age in Southern Great Britain ended with the Roman invasion. Gradually Roman control extended, and the Roman Province of Gallia Transalpina developed along the Mediterranean coast. In 52 BC Vercingetorix led a revolt against the Roman occupation but was defeated at the siege of Alesia and surrendered. Later the Roman army was routed at the battle of Allia and Rome was sacked in 390 BC by the Senones. At the battle of Telamon in 225 BC, a large Celtic army was trapped between two Roman forces and crushed. Under Caesar the Romans conquered Celtic Gaul, and from Claudius onward the Roman empire absorbed parts of Britain. The native peoples under Roman rule became Romanised and keen to adopt Roman ways. As the Roman civilisation grew in importance and expanded its trade with the Celtic world, silver and bronze coinage became more common. Show More Sentences This coincided with a major increase in gold production in Celtic areas to meet the Roman demand, due to the high value Romans put on the metal. Many Celtic gods are known from texts and inscriptions from the Roman period. Roman reports of the druids mention ceremonies being held in sacred groves. The Roman invasion of Gaul brought a great deal of Celtic peoples into the Roman Empire. Roman culture had a profound effect on the Celtic tribes which came under the empire's control. The Roman frontier between Britannia and Pictland is likely to have increased the split. Common Brittonic was used with Latin following the Roman conquest of Britain in 43 AD, at least in major settlements. He lived in the city of Alexandria in the Roman province of Egypt, wrote in Koine Greek, and held Roman citizenship. All the kings after him, until Egypt became a Roman province in 30 BC, were also Ptolemies. He was a Roman citizen, but most scholars conclude that Ptolemy was ethnically Greek, although some suggest he was a Hellenized Egyptian. He relied somewhat on the work of an earlier geographer, Marinos of Tyre, and on gazetteers of the Roman and ancient Persian Empire. Roman government was headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and advised by a senate composed of appointed magistrates. It was not until the time of the Roman Empire that the entire Roman world was organized into provinces under explicit Roman control. The Romans held off Hannibal in three battles, but then Hannibal smashed a succession of Roman consular armies. Punic Carthage was gone, but the other Punic cities in the western Mediterranean flourished under Roman rule. However, Rome discovered the agreement when Philip's emissaries were captured by a Roman fleet. The delegation succeeded, even though prior Greek attempts to involve Rome in Greek affairs had been met with Roman apathy. Now not only Rome's allies against Philip, but even Philip himself, sought a Roman alliance against the Seleucids. The Romans pursued the Seleucids by crossing the Hellespont, which marked the first time a Roman army had ever entered Asia. The decisive engagement was fought at the Battle of Magnesia, resulting in a complete Roman victory. Show More Sentences In 55 and 54 BC he made two expeditions into Britain, the first Roman to do so. Caesar then defeated a union of Gauls at the Battle of Alesia, completing the Roman conquest of Transalpine Gaul. Caesar was now the primary figure of the Roman state, enforcing and entrenching his powers. The constitutional history of the Roman Republic can be divided into five phases. The last king of the Roman Kingdom, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was overthrown in 509 BC by a group of noblemen led by Lucius Junius Brutus. He also bribed several Roman commanders, and at least two tribunes, before and during the war. Several years later, in 88 BC, a Roman army was sent to put down an emerging Asian power, king Mithridates of Pontus. The second is the civil war, which plagued the Roman Republic in its final century. Roman armies were not invincible, despite their formidable reputation and host of victories. During the 2nd century BC, Roman territory saw an overall decline in population, partially due to the huge losses incurred during various wars. As a result, the Roman state was forced to arm its soldiers at the expense of the state, which it did not have to do in the past. In a process known as the Marian reforms, Roman consul Gaius Marius carried out a programme of reform of the Roman military. In 107 BC, all citizens, regardless of their wealth or social class, were made eligible for entry into the Roman army. However, the most obvious deficiency of the Roman army remained its shortage of cavalry, especially heavy cavalry. While in the city of Rome, the consuls were the head of the Roman government. Life in the Roman Republic revolved around the city of Rome, and its famed seven hills. Most Roman towns and cities had a forum and temples, as did the city of Rome itself. In architecture and sculpture, the difference between Greek models and Roman paintings are apparent. Roman law laid the foundations for the laws of many European countries and their colonies. They began physical training to prepare the boys to grow as Roman citizens and for eventual recruitment into the army. Show More Sentences Roman literature was from its very inception influenced heavily by Greek authors. In the 3rd century BC, Greek art taken as booty from wars became popular, and many Roman homes were decorated with landscapes by Greek artists. Advancements were also made in relief sculptures, often depicting Roman victories. The Roman concrete has remained a riddle, and even after more than 2,000 years some Roman structures still stand magnificently. The architectural style of the capital city was emulated by other urban centers under Roman control and influence. Some Roman writers even insisted that it did not exist, and dismissed reports of Pytheas's voyage as a hoax. He then left, leaving not a single Roman soldier in Britain to enforce his settlement. As a Roman ally, it has been argued that the nominal goal of the Roman conquest of 43 AD to restore Verica to power. Besides these groups are introduced, accessorially, all the Fathers and Doctors whose writings maintain the Roman Church's doctrine of the Real Presence. A Saxon incursion in 408 was apparently repelled by the Britons, and in 409 Zosimus records that the natives expelled the Roman civilian administration. According to some Roman sources, while on his way to the garden of the Hesperides on the island of Erytheia, Hercules had to cross the mountain that was once Atlas. Modern scholars tend to challenge the accuracy of Roman historians. The Roman empire was barbarizing rapidly from the time of Trajan. Pata'na was a Roman goddess who appears with greatly varied names, sometimes as a derivation from Ceres or a Cerean deity, and sometimes as Ceres herself. Innovation started in the 3rd or 2nd century BC with the development of Roman concrete as a readily available adjunct to, or substitute for, stone and brick. This was the most militarily active era of the Roman Republic. The theory, that a representative of the people ceases to be one when he acts against the wishes of the people, was counter to Roman constitutional theory. Other prominent structures that represented the style included government buildings, like the Roman Senate, and cultural structures, like the Colosseum. The diminished Roman Empire never recovered from the sack of Rome. The draining of the lake was revisited many times in history, including by Emperors Trajan and Hadrian, and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II in the Middle Ages. Show More Sentences At the end of Roman rule, there were two societies with different histories, customs, and laws, which is not to suggest any substantial difference in cultural mores. Historians are dependent on Roman sources for accounts of the battle. Since 1863 Polish 'National Democrats' like Roman Dmowski had abandoned the idea of a multinational commonwealth for a more 'modem' Polish ethnonationalism. In the judgement of Guido Almansi, sexuality in the sonnets in Roman dialect is haunted by blennorrhea and eurotophobia, and is thus a wholly negative thing. Roman rule lasted for 350 years, over which time the social and political landscape evolved to produce a society that was different from the one that had existed earlier. His Schauspielhaus is an excellent example of what can be done with Greek, or more truly by Grecicizing, forms kept free from all Roman intermixture. The structural history of the Roman military describes the major chronological transformations in the organisation and constitution of the Roman armed forces. The Roman military was split into the Roman army and the Roman navy, although these two branches were less distinct than they tend to be in modern defence forces. When the centre of the Empire was moved to the Greek East in the 4th century, many legal concepts of Greek origin appeared in the official Roman legislation. In 43 CE, the Roman Empire invaded southern Britain, making alliances with certain local monarchs and subsuming the Britons under their own political control. Scots law has a basis derived from Roman law, combining features of both uncodified civil law, dating back to the Corpus Juris Civilis, and common law with medieval sources. Welsh national identity emerged among the Celtic Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations. The Roman conquest of Wales began in AD 48 and took 30 years to complete. Roman rule in Wales was a military occupation, save for the southern coastal region of south Wales, east of the Gower Peninsula, where there is a legacy of Romanisation. Southern and central Britain would remain a part of the Empire until the early 5th century, in a period now known as Roman Britain or the Roman Iron Age. Gildas, writing in about 540, says that Maximus departed Britain, taking with him all of its Roman troops, armed bands, governors and the flower of its youth, never to return. Instead, those scholars suggest, the Romans acquired Greek legislations from the Greek cities of Magna Graecia, the main portal between the Roman and Greek worlds. The name Albion appears to have fallen out of use sometime after the Roman conquest of Britain, after which Britain became the more commonplace name for the island. The existence of a church in the forum courtyard of Lincoln and the martyrium of Saint Alban on the outskirts of Roman Verulamium are exceptional. The Romans built no towns or roads on the island, but the remains of at least seven Roman villas have been found, indicating the prosperity of local agriculture. Show More Sentences The Angles are the subject of a legend about Pope Gregory I, who happened to see a group of Angle children from Deira for sale as slaves in the Roman market. From Caesar's perspective, Germania was a geographical area of land on the east bank of the Rhine opposite Gaul, which Caesar left outside direct Roman control. The Romans achieved the heavy wheeled mouldboard plough in the late 3rd and 4th century AD, when archaeological evidence appears, inter alia, in Roman Britain. Late in the 2nd century BCE, Roman sources recount the migrating Germanic people of Gaul, Italy and Hispania who invaded areas considered part of Imperial Rome. There was considerable local variation in style, as Roman architects often tried to incorporate elements the population expected in its sacred architecture. These earlier invasions were written up by Caesar and others as presaging of a Northern danger for the Roman Republic, a danger that should be controlled. The first 250 years of the current era are the period during which Roman law and Roman legal science reached its greatest degree of sophistication. That this line is followed by the Roman road of the Fosse Way has led many historians to debate the route's role as a convenient frontier during the early occupation. Especially in the early 19th century, English lawyers and judges were willing to borrow rules and ideas from continental jurists and directly from Roman law. Either way, during the Roman occupation the evidence suggests that, as defensive structures, they proved to be of little use against concerted Roman attack. The focus of the Roman senate was usually directed towards foreign policy. This fact may support a supposition that the Celts of Britain had an economic interest in supporting their Gallic brethren in their resistance to Roman occupation. This trade probably thrived as a result of political links and client kingship relationships that developed between groups in Southeast Britain and the Roman world. We next hear of him in Tacitus's Annals, leading the Silures and Ordovices in what is now Wales against the Roman governor Publius Ostorius Scapula. Rectilinear stone structures, indicative of a change in housing to the Roman style are visible from the mid to late 1st century AD at Brixworth and Quinton. Verulamium, the Roman settlement near Verlamion, gained the status of municipium ca 50, allowing its leading magistrates to become Roman citizens. A direct result of the Roman retreat was the disappearance of imported products like ceramics and coins, and a return to virtually unchanged local Iron Age production methods. This would have prevented Boudica from bringing considerable forces to bear on the Roman position, and the open plain in front made ambushes impossible. Germanic tribes nonetheless fought against Roman dominance when necessary. Greek sculptures adorned Hellenistic landscape gardening on the Palatine or in the villas, and much of ancient Roman cuisine was essentially Greek. Find more words! 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